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基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计

Keywords: 波动方程正演,地震波照明,采集参数设计,共反射点,点扩散函数

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Abstract:

?常规地震观测系统设计方法基于地下水平层状介质及共中心点(cmp)覆盖的假设,通常不能适应复杂构造情况。基于射线的地震波照明分析方法存在高频近似和射线理论本身的缺陷,在复杂目标区的精度很低。本文从波动方程正演出发,提出了一种面向目标的地震观测系统设计方法,该法基于地质-地球物理模型,采用双程声波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法计算地震波照明度。文中针对冀中地区复杂断块模型进行了面向目标的地震观测系统优化设计,并重点探讨了检波器排列间距对成像质量的影响,得出以下认识:①复杂断块构造引起地震波传播能量的非均匀分布,局部目标成像质量优劣与目标体上的照明度强弱存在一一对应的关系。②在震源相同、检波器排列间距不同时,双向照明强度变化很明显,依此可以确定针对目的层段的最佳检波器间距。③对同一倾斜界面crp点而言,沿倾斜方向随着crp点的不同,不同位置炮点的双向照明强弱的变化规律不同;水平目标层面震源照明和倾斜目标层面震源照明的地表接收能量分布不同,能量强弱与偏移成像结果一致,由此可以确定地面最佳炮点或检波点分布范围。④道间距、排列长度的变化对地震波成像振幅和分辨率有明显影响;利用点扩散函数(或分辨函数)可以评价地震成像质量和分辨率,还可确定最佳检波器间距、排列长度等采集参数。实践表明,文中方法用于面向目标的地震观测系统优化设计是可行的。

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