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生物多样性 2008
changingperspectivesonbiodiversityconservation:fromspeciesprotec-tiontoregionalsustainabilityKeywords: biodiversity,conservationbiology,landscapeecology,sustainabilityscience Abstract: ？biodiversityisthebasisforecosystemgoodsandservicesthatprovideforhumansurvivalandprosperity.witharapidlyincreasinghumanpopulationanditsdemandsfornaturalresources,landscapesarebeingfragmented,habitatsarebeingdestroyed,andbiodiversityisdeclining.howcanbiodiversitybeeffectivelyconservedinthefaceofincreasinghumanpressures?inthispaper,ireviewchangingperspectivesonbiodiversityconservation,anddiscusstheirrelevancetothepracticeofbiodiversityconservation.themajorpointsinclude:thenotionofbalanceofnatureisamythratherthanascientificconcept;thetheoryofislandbiogeographyisusefulheuristicallybutflawedpractically;theslossdebateisintriguingintheorybutir-relevantinreality;theconceptofminimumviablepopulationandpopulationviabilityanalysisareuseful,buttechnicallyinefficientandconceptuallyinadequate;metapopulationtheoryismathematicallyelegantbutecologicallyoversimplistic;andintegrativeperspectivesandapproachesforbiodiversityconservationareneededthatincorporateinsightsfromlandscapeecologyandsustainabilityscience.ifurtherdiscusssomekeyprinciplesforregionalconservationplanning,andarguethatthelong-termsuccessofbiodiversitycon-servationinanyregionwillultimatelydependontheeconomicandsocialsustainabilityofthatregion.bothresearchandpracticeinbiodiversityconservation,therefore,needtoadoptabroaderperspectiveofsustain-ability
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