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高精料饲粮中添加烟酸对体外瘤胃发酵培养液pH及发酵参数动态变化的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.01.016

Keywords: 高精料饲粮,烟酸,pH,瘤胃发酵参数,动态变化,体外法

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究高精料饲粮中添加烟酸对体外瘤胃发酵培养液pH及发酵参数动态变化的影响。选用3头体重(275±20)kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的锦江黄牛作为瘤胃液供体,培养底物为高精料饲粮(精粗比85:15)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在培养底物中添加0、400、800、1200mg/kg烟酸(干物质基础),每组4个重复。在培养0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0、12.0、18.0、24.0h取样,测定培养液pH及瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,虽然在培养24.0h时各组的培养液pH无显著变化(P>0.05),但Ⅲ组在6.0~18.0h显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);培养24.0h时,与其他各组相比,Ⅲ组显著提高了瘤胃微生物蛋白和氨态氮浓度(P<0.05),极显著提高了总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P<0.01),对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05),显著降低了乙酸/丙酸和乳酸浓度(P<0.05)。2)整体上,烟酸对Ⅱ和Ⅳ组培养液pH和发酵参数的影响均较小,但在培养后期(12.0~24.0h),Ⅳ组有降低微生物蛋白浓度的趋势,且在18.0h时达到显著水平(P<0.05)。3)在培养0~2.0h,随烟酸添加水平的提高,乳酸净生成速率的波动幅度减小;培养液乳酸浓度与pH呈极显著负相关(R2=-0.957,P<0.01)。结果提示,高精料饲粮(精粗比85:15)中添加适量烟酸(800mg/kg)可以促进瘤胃微生物的增殖,提高微生物蛋白浓度,促进挥发性脂肪酸产生,同时也提高了氨态氮的浓度,抑制了乳酸生成,减小了乳酸净生成速率的波动幅度,最终减缓了培养液pH的下降速率,避免了pH的剧烈变化,稳定了瘤胃内环境。

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