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大豆抗原蛋白对南美白对虾生长、消化及非特异性免疫的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.07.017

Keywords: 替代,南美白对虾,秘鲁鱼粉,发酵豆粕,生长,肝胰腺指标

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕替代饲料中鱼粉及豆粕时,大豆球蛋白和β-伴球蛋白对南美白对虾生长、消化及非特异性免疫的影响。试验1:首先配制含30%鱼粉和15%豆粕的基础饲料(D0组),然后分别用2%(D2组)、5%(D5组)、8%(D8组)和15%(D15组)的发酵豆粕替代基础饲料中的鱼粉和豆粕,共配制出5种等氮等能的试验饲料。试验2:首先配制基础饲料(即试验1中的基础饲料),然后分别用酪蛋白(DC组,不含抗原蛋白)和大豆分离蛋白(DF组,含少量抗原蛋白)完全替代基础饲料中的豆粕,共配制出3种等氮等能的试验饲料。选用初始均重为(5.86±0.04)g的南美白对虾进行试验,随机分为7组,每组3个重复(60尾/重复),在室外水泥池中养殖44d。试验1结果显示:随着发酵豆粕添加量的增加,饲料系数呈先降后升趋势,以D5组最低;蛋白质效率和成活率呈先升后降趋势,分别以D5、D8组最高。全虾粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量、肝胰指数均以D8组最高,均显著高于D5组(P<0.05)。D15组的干物质表观消化率显著低于D0组(P<0.05);D5组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。肝胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活力随发酵豆粕添加量的增加均呈先升后降的趋势,分别在D8、D5和D2组获得最大值。肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶活力随发酵豆粕添加量的增加基本呈降低趋势;D5、D8、D15组的肝胰腺谷草转氨酶活力显著低于D0组(P<0.05);肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶活力表现为D2组显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。试验2结果显示:成活率、蛋白质效率和饲料系数各组间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),且均以DF组最高。DC和DF组的全虾粗蛋白质含量显著高于D0组(P<0.05);DF组的全虾粗脂肪含量显著低于DC和D0组(P<0.05);DC组的肝胰指数显著高于DF和D0组(P<0.05)。干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率均以DF组最低,并显著低于D0和DC组(P<0.05)。肝胰腺淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力表现为DC组>DF组>D0组,组间差异显著(P<0.05);DC组的肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活力显著低于D0组(P<0.05)。DC组的肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶活力显著低于DF组(P<0.05),溶菌酶活力显著低于D0组(P<0.05),而碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力则显著高于D0和DF组(P<0.05)。以上结果表明大豆抗原蛋白(球蛋白和β-伴球蛋白)影响南美白对虾的生长、消化和非特异性免疫;大豆抗原蛋白含量的降低有助于南美白对虾饲料中发酵豆粕对鱼粉和豆粕的替代。在本试验条件下,南美白对虾饲料中使用不超过15%的发酵豆粕替代鱼粉和豆粕是可行的。

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