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饲料中添加植物精油对凡纳滨对虾生长性能及肠道健康的改善作用

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.04.020

Keywords: 凡纳滨对虾,植物精油,生长性能,饲料利用,肠道健康

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加植物精油对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肠道绒毛的影响。试验共配制5种试验饲料,试验饲料中植物精油的添加量分别为0、0、0.02%、0、0.02%,对应的鱼粉含量依次为25%(对照组)、22%、22%、19%、19%。选取初重为(0.33±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾750尾,随机分为5组(每组5个重复,每个重复30尾),分别饲喂1种试验饲料,试验期为8周。结果表明:降低饲料鱼粉含量的同时添加植物精油可显著升高凡纳滨对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)(P<0.05),但对存活率(SR)、肝体比(HSI)无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加植物精油的2个组的饲料效率(FE)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),未添加植物精油的2个组的FE均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,添加植物精油的2个组的WGR、SGR、PER仍显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组凡纳滨对虾的全虾和肌肉营养成分及血清生化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。透射电镜观察中肠超微结构发现,与未添加植物精油相比,饲料中添加植物精油能显著改善凡纳滨对虾肠道绒毛脱落状况。由此得出,在降低鱼粉含量的情况下,饲料中添加0.02%的植物精油能够改善凡纳滨对虾的生长性能及肠道健康。

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