全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

饲粮氮水平对牦牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢特征的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2011.06.011

Keywords: 牦牛,氮代谢,氮水平,瘤胃发酵

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

本试验旨在探讨饲粮不同氮水平对牦牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢特征的影响。试验选择4头体重相近[(148.5±9.2)kg]的3岁去势天祝白牦牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验共分4期,每期21d,4个饲粮氮水平[干物质(DM)基础]分别为低氮[粗蛋白质(CP)8.98%]、中低氮(CP12.36%)、中高氮(CP15.32%)和高氮(CP18.12%)。结果显示,不同氮水平下,瘤胃内pH变化趋势均为“V”字型,晨饲(08:00)后4h,中低氮饲粮组牦牛瘤胃内pH最低。随饲粮氮水平的升高,瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸的含量均升高(P<0.05),但丁酸含量及乙酸/丙酸的比值无显著变化(P>0.05)。饲粮氮水平对牦牛饲粮DM、有机质(organicmatter,OM)、非纤维性碳水化合物(non-fibrouscarbohydrate,NFC)、中性洗涤纤维(neutraldetergentfiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(aciddetergentfiber,ADF)等的消化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮氮水平升高导致尿氮排量显著增加(P<0.05),而粪氮排量无显著变化(P>0.05)。饲粮氮水平为中低氮时,NFC/NDF为4组最高(0.38),牦牛体内氮沉积量与可消化粗蛋白质(digestiblecrudeprotein,DCP)比值最高(47.36),尿氮排量与DCP的比值最低(52.88);同时瘤胃微生物蛋白质(microbialcrudeprotein,MCP)合成量最高(226.39g/d)。结果表明,舍饲牦牛采食中低氮饲粮且能氮比(NFC/DCP)为1.36时,动物对氮的利用效率最高。

References

[1]  贾青,康红,徐红蕊,等.结合15N示踪法研究日粮蛋白水平对山羊氮代谢的影响[J].饲料工业,2008(23):48-51.
[2]  MARINI J C, VAN AMBURGH M E. Nitrogen metabolism and recycling in Holstein heifers[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2003, 81:545-552.
[3]  HOOVER W H, STOKES S R. Balancing carbohydrate and protein for optimum rumen microbial yield[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74:3630-3644.
[4]  齐智利.玉米的不同加工处理对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵和小肠消化以及能氮同步代谢影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2004:34-36.
[5]  张莹,郭旭生,丁路明,等.反刍动物尿素氮再循环利用的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(5):609-616.
[6]  BACH A, CALSAMIGLIA S, STERN M D. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1995, 88:E9-E21.
[7]  FIRKINS J L, YU Z, MORRISON M. Ruminal nitrogen metabolism: perspectives for integration of microbiology and nutrition for dairy[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2007, 90(Suppl. E):E1-E16.
[8]  MCDONALD I W. The extent of conversion of food protein to microbial protein in the rumen of sheep[J]. Biochemical Journal, 1954, 56:120-125.
[9]  OFFER N W, AXFORD R F E, EVANS R A. The effect of dietary energy source on nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of sheep[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 1978, 40:35-44.
[10]  欧阳熙.牦牛季节性适应的研究进展[J].西南民族学院学报:畜牧兽医版,1989(2):69-74.
[11]  董世魁,龙瑞军,胡自治.不同采食水平下舍饲干奶牦牛能量转化、氮、钙、磷代谢的研究[J].草业学报,2000(2):32-37.
[12]  韩兴泰,胡令浩,谢敖云,等.粗饲条件下生长牦牛能量代谢的估测[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1992(2):21-22.
[13]  胡令浩,谢敖云,韩兴泰.生长牦牛与生长黄牛体表面积的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,1994(6):9-10.
[14]  龙瑞军,董世魁,胡自治.同一日粮下泌乳牦牛与干奶牦牛消化代谢能力的比较研究[J].草业学报,1998(3):51-55.
[15]  LONG R J, DONG S K, CHEN X B, et al. Preliminary studies on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and creatinine in yaks[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1999, 133:427-431.
[16]  LONG R J, DONG S K, HU Z Z, et al. Digestibility, nutrient balance and urinary purine derivative excretion in dry yak cows fed oat hay at different levels of intake[J]. Livestock Production Science, 2004, 88:27-32.
[17]  LONG R J, DONG S K, WEI X H, et al. The effect of supplementary feeds on the bodyweight of yaks in cold season[J]. Livestock Production Science, 2005, 129:133-137.
[18]  高秀华,李光玉,郜玉钢,等.日粮蛋白质水平对梅花鹿营养物质消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2001,13(3):52-55.
[19]  MACREA J C. Advancing our understanding amino acid utilization and metabolism in ruminant[M]//KORNEGAY E T. Nutrient management of food animals to enhance and protect the environment. Boca Raton: CRC Press Inc., 1996:73-89.
[20]  KEBREAB E, FRANCE J, MILLS J A N, et al. A dynamic model of N metabolism in the lactating dairy cow and an assessment of impact of N excretion on the environment[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2002, 80:248-259.
[21]  翟少伟.中国荷斯坦牛乳尿素氮与蛋白质营养关系的研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2006:45-49.
[22]  张容昶.中国的牦牛[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1989:1.
[23]  张容昶.牦牛适应寒冷环境的生态生理特征[J].草食家畜,1992(4):13-16.
[24]  WANG H C, LONG R J, ZHOU W, et al. LA comparative study on urinary purine derivative excretion for yak (Bos grunniens), indigenous cattle (Bos taurus) and crossbred (Bos grunniens×Bos taurus) in Qing-hai Tibetan plateau, China[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2009, 87:2355-2362.
[25]  SNIFFEN C J, O’CONNOR J D, VAN SOEST P J, et al. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: Ⅱ. Carbohydrate and protein availability[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1992, 70:3562-3577.
[26]  陈桂银.饲料分析与检测[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2008.
[27]  AOAC. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists[M]. 15th ed. Washington, D. C.: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1990.
[28]  BRODERICK G A, KANG J H. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acid in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1980, 63:64-75.
[29]  王继贵.临床生化检验[M].2版.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1996:562-563.
[30]  SHINGFIELD K J, OFFER N W. Simultaneous determination of purine metabolites, creatinine and pseudouridine in ruminant urine by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 1999, 723:81-94.
[31]  ERWIN E S, MARCO G J, EMERY E M, et al. Volatile fatty acid analyses of food and rumen fluid by gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1961, 44:1768-1771.
[32]  赵国琦,贾亚红,陈小连,等.不同NDF/NFE比的日粮对山羊瘤胃发酵参数影响的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(13):29-33.
[33]  胡红莲,卢德勋,刘大程,等.日粮不同NFC/NDF比对奶山羊瘤胃pH、挥发性脂肪酸及乳酸含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(3):595-601.
[34]  邓露芳,王加启,卜登攀,等.2007~2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展Ⅱ.瘤胃发酵调控[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(1):12-18.
[35]  BARCROFT J, MCANLLY R A, PHILLIPSON A T, et al. Absorption of volatile acids from the alimentary tract of the sheep and other animals[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 1944, 20:120-129.
[36]  熊本海,卢德勋,张子仪.瘤胃乙酸与丙酸摩尔比例的改变对瘤胃发酵及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002,33(6):537-543.
[37]  韩兴泰,陈杰,韩正康.饲喂不同蛋白水平日粮的牦牛瘤胃氮代谢与十二指肠各氮组分流量[J].动物营养学报,1998,10(1):34-43.
[38]  HRISTOV A N, ETTER R P, ROPP J K, et al. Effect of dietary crude protein level and degradability on ruminal fermentation and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2004, 82:3219-3229.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133