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开食料玉米和全脂大豆的加工方式与犊牛瘤胃酶系发育关系的比较研究

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2011.05.006

Keywords: 犊牛,蒸汽压片,瘤胃,纤维素酶

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究开食料中玉米和全脂大豆的粉碎、蒸汽压片及膨化处理与犊牛瘤胃的酶系发育的关系。试验采用12头(21±3)日龄荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为3组,挤压膨化组、蒸汽压片组及对照组(常规粉碎组),分别饲喂采用不同加工方式的玉米和大豆配制成的开食料。试验期为3~13周龄,每周采集犊牛瘤胃液测定瘤胃中纤维素酶(包括内切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、微晶纤维素酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶)、淀粉酶(包括淀粉酶和α-D-葡萄糖苷酶)和蛋白酶活性。结果表明:1)挤压膨化组犊牛瘤胃中α-D-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酶活性均随犊牛周龄的增长而显著增加(P<0.05),而其他酶活性受犊牛周龄变化影响不显著(P>0.05)。2)蒸汽压片组犊牛瘤胃内切葡聚糖酶和淀粉酶的活性随犊牛周龄增长在数据上明显增加,但统计上无显著差异(P>0.05);纤维素酶、微晶纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性受犊牛周龄影响显著(P<0.05);木聚糖酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酶则随犊牛周龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。3)对照组犊牛瘤胃中8种酶活性均受犊牛周龄的影响不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示:犊牛瘤胃中的纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶系均受犊牛周龄和开食料中玉米和全脂大豆加工方式以及二者的互作影响,但变化规律各不一致。开食料中玉米和全脂大豆的蒸汽压片处理有助于犊牛瘤胃中内切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶的建立。

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