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饲料蛋白质水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液学指标和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.12.013

Keywords: 尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼,蛋白质水平,生长性能,体组成,血液学指标,非特异性免疫指标

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Abstract:

本试验旨在探讨饲料蛋白质水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液学指标和肝脏非特异性免疫指标的影响。以鱼粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白质源配制成蛋白质水平分别为25%、30%、35%、40%和45%的5种等能饲料(脂肪水平均为9%)。选取初始平均体质量为(4.70±0.01)g的尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼300尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。试验期为10周。结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、成活率、肥满度、肝体比和内脏比均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。随饲料蛋白质水平的增加,蛋白质效率显著降低(P<0.05),蛋白质沉积率呈现先升高后下降的趋势。饲料蛋白质水平对全鱼水分、粗蛋白质和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05),而对全鱼粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为25%的组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平对全血中白细胞计数、红细胞计数和红细胞压积无显著影响(P>0.05),而对全血中血红蛋白含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为40%的组全血中血红蛋白含量显著高于蛋白质水平为25%的组(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质水平对血清中肌酐、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量以及碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。蛋白质水平为25%的组肝脏中溶菌酶活性最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶活性各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。肝脏中过氧化氢酶活性随饲料蛋白质水平的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以蛋白质水平为25%的组最低,显著低于蛋白质水平为35%和45%的组(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平为45%的组肝脏中丙二醛含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。由此可知,在饲料脂肪水平为9%条件下,饲料蛋白质水平为25%时即可满足尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长需求,但适当提高饲料蛋白质水平可在一定程度上提高尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的非特异性免疫功能。

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