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饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼生长性能及其在低温应激下血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪酸组成的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.11.013

Keywords: 吉富罗非鱼,饲料脂肪水平,生长性能,低温应激,血清生化指标,脂肪酸组成

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT,Oreochromisniloticus)生长性能及其在低温应激下血清生化指标和肝脏脂肪酸组成的影响。在基础饲料(含1.95%脂肪)中添加0、4%、6%、8%豆油,制成4种不同脂肪水平(分别为1.95%、6.19%、8.03%和9.95%)的试验饲料,投喂平均体重为(37.0±1.0)g的吉富罗非鱼8周。每个处理设3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。饲养试验结束后,以28℃为对照,水温按1℃/h的速率降至15℃进行低温应激试验。结果表明:1)各组间成活率(SR)、饲料系数(FCR)无显著差异(P>0.05),增重率(WGR)及特定生长率(SGR)随饲料脂肪水平的升高而显著增加(P<0.05),饲料脂肪水平达6.19%后增加不显著(P>0.05)。2)低温应激下,饲料脂肪水平对除葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)外的其他血清生化指标有显著影响(P<0.05)。随饲料脂肪水平的升高,血清中GLU、总蛋白(TP)、胆固醇(CHOL)、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平逐渐升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平先升高后降低,血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性略微下降后再升高。3)低温应激下,随饲料脂肪水平的升高,肝脏中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)比例下降,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)比例上升。饲料脂肪水平对n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)比例及n-3/n-6有显著影响(P<0.05)。由此得出,适当的饲料脂肪水平(6.19%)能够促进吉富罗非鱼的生长,提高其抗低温应激的能力;过高的饲料脂肪水平(8.03%及以上)可导致血液转氨酶活性升高,加重低温应激下鱼类代谢负担,不利于鱼体健康及生长。

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