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饲粮添加脂肪酸钙对热应激肉牛生长性能和外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.08.018

Keywords: 肉牛,热应激,脂肪酸钙,生产性能,细胞凋亡

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平脂肪酸钙对热应激肉牛生长性能、生理指标及外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响。试验选择30头体重相近[(450±10)kg]的西门塔尔杂交牛随机分为3组,每组10头,对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别在每头牛每天的基础饲粮中添加100和200g脂肪酸钙,试验期39d。结果表明,饲粮中添加脂肪酸钙对热应激肉牛的直肠温度和呼吸频率无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的平均日增重分别提高了37.5%(P<0.05)和20.8%(P>0.05),料重比分别降低了24.38%(P<0.05)和15.79%(P>0.05)。肉牛饲粮中中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和钙的表观消化率随脂肪酸钙添加量的增加而增加(P>0.05),磷的表观消化率随脂肪酸钙添加量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势(P>0.05),饲粮中添加脂肪酸钙对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。肉牛血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)的浓度随着脂肪酸钙添加量的增加呈现为先升高后降低的趋势(P>0.05),其中Ⅱ组血清T3浓度与对照组相比提高了27.73%(P>0.05),Ⅲ组血清T3浓度与对照组相比降低了4.5%(P>0.05)。肉牛血清中皮质醇的浓度随着脂肪酸钙添加量的增加而极显著升高(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加脂肪酸钙对肉牛血清中葡萄糖、尿素氮、总蛋白含量以及超氧化物歧化酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),Ⅲ组丙二醛含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。200g脂肪酸钙添加量可以极显著降低热应激肉牛外周血淋巴细胞早期凋亡率(P<0.01)、晚期凋亡率(P<0.01)和总凋亡率(P<0.01),但对外周血淋巴细胞周期和淋巴细胞比例(P>0.05)无明显影响。综合各项指标,在热应激条件下,肉牛饲粮中适宜的脂肪酸钙的添加水平为每天每头100g。

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