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饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2012.04.012

Keywords: 粗蛋白质水平,奶牛,产奶性能,氮利用,血液激素

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响。采用重复4×4拉丁方设计,8头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理。4个处理的饲粮CP水平分别为12.56%、13.96%、15.53%和16.93%。试验分为4个周期,每个周期18d。在4d收集期内,全量收集粪、尿,每天测量产奶量、乳成分和干物质摄入量(DMI),并在收集期最后1d采集血样。结果表明:4个饲粮处理的DMI基本相同(P>0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56%的产奶量和能量校正奶(ECM)明显低于饲粮CP水平13.96%至16.93%(P<0.05),饲粮CP水平13.96%至16.93%的产奶量和ECM基本相同,其中饲粮CP水平13.96%和16.93%的产奶量分别为28.18和28.72kg/d,ECM分别为32.64和32.04kg/d;乳成分中仅乳蛋白率随着饲粮CP水平增加而提高(P<0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56%和13.96%的乳氮效率明显高于饲粮CP水平15.53%和16.93%(P<0.05或P<0.01);随着饲粮CP水平的提高,尿氮排出量不断增加,乳氮排出量也缓慢上涨,体内氮沉积显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),只有饲粮CP水平16.93%的粪氮排出量明显增加(P<0.05);饲粮CP水平12.56%的血液瘦素浓度最高(P<0.05),催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、血糖、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和β-羟丁酸(BHBA)浓度较高;而饲粮CP水平16.93%的血浆尿素氮(PUN)浓度最高(P<0.01),胰岛素和GH浓度较高,IGF-1浓度较低。由此可见,饲粮CP水平13.96%适合中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量28kg/d或ECM32kg/d的泌乳性能、氮利用和内分泌调节。

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