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不同碳链长度n-3脂肪酸及脂肪水平对罗非鱼生长、肝功能和餐后血液指标的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.03.015

Keywords: 罗非鱼,鱼油,亚麻籽油,生长,肝功能,餐后血液指标

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Abstract:

在实用饲料配方的基础上分别添加5%鱼油(低水平鱼油)、10%鱼油(高水平鱼油)、5%亚麻籽油(低水平亚麻籽油)和10%亚麻籽油(高水平亚麻籽油),配制4种试验饲料,在室内淡水循环水族缸内饲喂罗非鱼8周,比较研究不同碳链长度n-3脂肪酸及脂肪水平对罗非鱼生长、肝功能以及餐后血液指标的影响。将360尾初重为(43.70±1.06)g的罗非鱼随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,每组试验鱼随机饲喂1种试验饲料。结果表明:各组罗非鱼末重、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率均无显著差异(P>0.05),但高水平亚麻籽油组的摄食量显著低于低水平亚麻籽油组(P<0.05)。鱼油组罗非鱼血清总胆固醇(TCHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量均高于亚麻籽油组,且同一脂肪源的高水平组高于低水平组。鱼油组血清TCHO含量峰值出现在餐后6h,而亚麻籽油组出现在餐后9h。各组血清HDL-C含量均在餐后6h回落到最低值。亚麻籽油组血清甘油三酯(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)含量高于鱼油组。各组血清TG与VLDL-C含量峰值均出现在餐后6h。随餐后时间的延长,罗非鱼血糖含量基本呈降低趋势。鱼油组肝胰脏谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性极显著低于亚麻籽油组(P<0.01),而各组间肝胰脏谷草转氨酶(AST)活性差异不显著(P>0.05)。肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量表现为高水平鱼油组>高水平亚麻籽油组>低水平鱼油组>低水平亚麻籽油组,且组间差异极显著(P<0.01)。同一水平下,鱼油组肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与亚麻籽油组没有显著差异(P>0.05),而低水平鱼油组肝胰脏SOD活性显著高于高水平鱼油组(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同碳链长度n-3脂肪酸及脂肪水平不会影响罗非鱼的生长,但会影响其肝功能以及餐后血液指标。

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