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大黄和大黄素对体外瘤胃发酵甲烷、氢气和挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.03.024

Keywords: 体外发酵,甲烷减排,甲烷抑制剂,蒽醌类

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Abstract:

本试验研究不同添加量的大黄和大黄素对体外瘤胃发酵甲烷、氢气和挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响。选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年浏阳黑山羊作为瘤胃液供体,设对照组(A,没有任何处理)、大黄组(B1、B2、B3和B4组,添加量分别为0.5、1.0、2.0和2.5mg/mL)和大黄素组(C1、C2和C3组,添加量分别为0.06、0.12和0.24mg/mL),进行24h体外模拟瘤胃发酵试验。结果表明:1)随着添加量的增加,大黄组产气量、起始底物降解速率均呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化趋势(P<0.05),大黄素组均呈线性下降的变化趋势(P<0.05);2)与对照组相比,添加大黄(≥1.0mg/mL)和大黄素显著降低了甲烷产量,并随其添加量的增加呈线性下降的变化趋势(P<0.05);3)与对照组相比,添加大黄(≥2.0mg/mL)和大黄素(≥0.24mg/mL)后,氢气含量(发酵瓶顶部空间)及产量显著增加(P<0.05),并随其添加量的增加呈线性上升的变化趋势(P<0.05);4)与对照组相比,添加大黄(≥1.0mg/mL)和大黄素显著降低了乙丙比,并随其添加量的增加呈线性下降的变化趋势(P<0.05)。结果提示,适当添加大黄(≤1.0mg/mL)没有改变起始底物降解速率,可能不会影响反刍家畜对饲料的降解、消化和利用;而大黄素会显著降低起始底物降解速率,影响反刍家畜对饲料饲草的降解、消化和利用。添加大黄(≥1.0mg/mL)和大黄素,可以降低甲烷的生成,增加氢气产量,并且改变瘤胃的发酵模式,使其向丙酸发酵型转变。

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