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凡纳滨对虾幼虾的缬氨酸需要量

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.02.016

Keywords: 凡纳滨对虾,缬氨酸,生长性能,氨基酸代谢酶

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Abstract:

通过8周的饲养试验评估饲料中缬氨酸含量对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)幼虾生长性能、常规营养组成、氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响,以确定凡纳滨对虾幼虾的缬氨酸需要量.以鱼粉、豆粕作为主要蛋白质源配制6种等氮等能(粗蛋白质含量约为40.0%,粗脂肪含量约为7.5%)的试验饲料,其实测缬氨酸含量(干物质基础)分别为1.56%、1.64%、1.72%、1.82%、1.90%、1.96%.选择体重在0.3g左右的凡纳滨对虾幼虾540尾,随机分为6组,每组(饲料)3个重复,每个重复30尾.结果表明:增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质沉积率和饲料效率均随着饲料中缬氨酸含量的增加先升高后降低,并均在缬氨酸含量为1.82%时达到最大.全虾中粗蛋白质含量在缬氨酸含量为1.72%时达到最高,进一步提高饲料中缬氨酸含量则有不同程度降低;肌肉中粗蛋白质含量在缬氨酸含量为1.96%时达到最高,显著高于缬氨酸含量为1.56%和1.72%时(P<0.05);饲料中缬氨酸含量对全虾和肌肉中水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量的影响均不显著(P>0.05).血清和肝胰脏中最高丙氨酸转氨酶活力均出现在缬氨酸含量最高组(缬氨酸含量为1.96%的组),而肌肉中最高丙氨酸转氨酶活力出现在缬氨酸含量为1.90%的组,且肝胰腺中碱性磷酸酶的活力也在缬氨酸含量为1.90%时达到最高;饲料中缬氨酸含量对肝胰腺中天冬氨酸转氨酶活力未产生显著影响(P>0.05).以增重率为判定指标,通过折线模型得到凡纳滨对虾幼虾的缬氨酸需要量为占饲料干物质的1.79%(占饲料蛋白质的4.48%),考虑到晶体氨基酸在海水中的溶失,以缬氨酸在海水中浸泡30min内的溶失率为16.81%计,核定凡纳滨对虾幼虾的缬氨酸需要量为占饲料干物质的1.53%(占饲料蛋白质的3.83%).

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