SHANNON A D,LASCELLES A K.Changes in the concentration of lipids and some other constituents in the blood plasma of calves from birth to 6 months of age[J].Australian Journal of Biological Sciences,1966,19(5):831-839.
[4]
STANLEY C C,WILLIAMS C C,JENNY B F,et al.Effects of feeding milk replacer once versus twice daily on glucose metabolism in Holstein and Jersey calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(9):2335-2343.
SEJRSEN K,HUBER J T,TUCKER H A,et al.Influence of nutrition on mammary development in pre- and postpubertal heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(5):793-800.
[8]
SEJRSEN K,PURUP S.Influence of prepubertal feeding level on milk yield potential of dairy heifers:a review[J].Journal of Animal Science,1997,75(3):828-835.
[9]
SEJRSEN K,PURUP S,VESTERGAARD M,et al.High body weight gain and reduced bovine mammary growth:physiological basis and implications for milk yield potential[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2000,19(2):93-104.
PURCHAS R W,MACMILLAN K L,HAFS H D.Pituitary and plasma growth hormone levels in bulls from birth to one year of age[J].Journal of Animal Science,1970,31(2):358-363.
[12]
SEJRSEN K,HUBER J T,TUCKER H A.Influence of amount fed on hormone concentrations and their relationship to mammary growth in heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1983,66(4):845-855.
[13]
MEYER M J,CAPUCO A V,ROSS D A,et al.Developmental and nutritional regulation of the prepubertal bovine mammary gland:Ⅱ.Epithelial cell proliferation,parenchymal accretion rate,and allometric growth[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(11):4298-4304.
[14]
HAYDEN J M,WILLIAMS J E,COLLIER R J.Plasma growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor,insulin,and thyroid hormone association with body protein and fat accretion in steers undergoing compensatory gain after dietary energy restriction[J].Journal of Animal Science,1993,71(12):3327-3338.
[15]
EHRHARDT R A,BELL A W,BOISCLAIR Y R.Analysis of leptin and leptin receptor mRNA expression in the sheep placenta[J].Journal of Animal Science,1999,77(Suppl.1):159.
RADCLIFF R P,VANDEHAAR M J,SKIDMORE A L,et al.Effects of diet and bovine somatotropin on heifer growth and mammary development[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(9):1996-2003.
[19]
王根林.养牛学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:290.
[20]
CHIBA L I,LEWIS A J,PEO E R,Jr.Amino acid and energy interrelationships in pigs weighing 20 to 50 kilograms:Ⅰ.Rate and efficiency of weight gain[J].Journal of Animal Science,1991,69(2):694-707.
PLAUT K,IKEDA M,VONDERHAAR B K.Role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ in mammary development[J].Endocrinology,1993,133(4):1843-1848.
[24]
BLOCK S S,SMITH J M,EHRHARDT R A,et al.Nutritional and developmental regulation of plasma leptin in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(10):3206-3214.
[25]
国家科学研究委员会组织.奶牛营养需要[M].孟庆翔,译.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.
[26]
冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[27]
LAMMERS B P,HEINRICHS A J,KENSINGER R S.The effects of accelerated growth rates and estrogen implants in prepubertal Holstein heifers on estimates of mammary development and subsequent reproduction and milk production[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(8):1753-1764.
[28]
WILDMAN E E,JONES G M,WAGNER P E,et al.A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(3):495-501