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脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.07.022

Keywords: 建鲤,脱脂蚕蛹,晶体赖氨酸,鱼粉替代,生长性能,体成分,健康状况

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响,并对75%替代后添加晶体赖氨酸的效果进行研究。试验配制5种等氮(粗蛋白质36.8%)等能(粗脂肪5.5%)饲料,即含10%鱼粉的基础饲料(DSP0),脱脂蚕蛹分别替代基础饲料中25%、50%和75%鱼粉的3种饲料(DSP25、DSP50和DSP75)以及在75%替代基础上添加0.7%的晶体赖氨酸的饲料(DSP75-Lys)。将270尾平均体重为(15.30±2.97)g的建鲤幼鱼随机分为5组,每个组3个重复,每个重复18尾鱼。试验期为56d。结果表明:直接替代组(DSP0、DSP25、DSP50、DSP75组)的末重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、摄食量(FI)和蛋白质效率(PER)均随替代水平的升高逐渐下降,其中DSP75组的FBW显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05),WGR、SGR和PER显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的饲料系数(FCR)随替代水平的升高而逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的肥满度(CF)和腹腔脂肪指数(IFI)均随替代水平的升高先降低后升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的比肠长(RGL)随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05)。直接替代组的全鱼粗蛋白质、水分及肌肉各氨基酸含量组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但DSP75组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05),全鱼粗灰分含量显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05)。直接替代组的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0、DSP25和DSP50组(P<0.05);直接替代组的血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP50和DSP75组显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05);直接替代组的肝胰脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP75组显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);随替代水平的升高,血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和胆固醇(CHOL)含量逐渐降低,肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,但各直接替代组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加晶体赖氨酸后,试验鱼各指标均有所改善,且鱼体粗蛋白质含量还显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05),但转氨酶活性及抗氧化指标仍与DSP75组无显著差异(P>0.05)。本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、体成分及健康状况指标,脱脂蚕蛹可替代建鲤饲料中50%以下的鱼粉,同时添加晶体赖氨酸可提高鱼体的蛋白质沉积水平。

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