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混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉对花鲈和西伯利亚鲟生长和肉质影响的比较研究

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2013.06.018

Keywords: 花鲈,西伯利亚鲟,混合植物蛋白质,鱼粉,生长,肉质

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Abstract:

通过16周的生长试验,比较研究混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉对花鲈(Lateolabraxjaponicus)和西伯利亚鲟(AcipenserbaeriBrandt)生长和肉质的影响。2种试验鱼的对照组饲料均以低温蒸汽干燥鱼粉(白鱼粉)作为唯一蛋白质源,花鲈对照组饲料含56.9%的白鱼粉,粗蛋白质含量为40%,命名为LJ-FM;西伯利亚鲟对照组饲料含51.0%的白鱼粉,粗蛋白质含量为36%,命名为AB-FM。以混合植物蛋白质(豆粕:谷元粉为1.00:1.67,粗蛋白质含量为64.84%)在等氮等能的基础上分别替代对照组饲料中25%、50%、75%、100%的鱼粉,并相应命名为LJ-PPB25、LJ-PPB50、LJ-PPB75、LJ-PPB100和AB-PPB25、AB-PPB50、AB-PPB75、AB-PPB100。花鲈的初始体重为(7.34±0.01)g,随机分为5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复30尾;西伯利亚鲟的初始体重为(49.48±1.00)g,随机分为5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复22尾。结果表明:混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉后,花鲈的摄食率显著下降(P<0.05);末均重以LJ-PPB25组最高,显著高于LJ-PPB75和LJ-PPB100组(P<0.05);LJ-PPB100组的饲料系数显著高于其他4组(P<0.05);混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉后,花鲈全鱼的水分和粗灰分含量显著升高(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05),粗蛋白质含量和总能无显著变化(P>0.05)。各组西伯利亚鲟的摄食率、末均重、饲料系数及体成分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。同一替代水平下,西伯利亚鲟肌肉中各个游离氨基酸含量均远高于花鲈。一定水平(≤75%)的混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉能显著提高花鲈肌肉中总游离氨基酸和呈味氨基酸的含量以及西伯利亚鲟肌肉中总游离氨基酸和必需氨基酸的含量(P<0.05)。对于花鲈,摄食含混合植物蛋白质饲料后肌肉中游离组氨酸(生物胺的前体物)含量显著增加(P<0.05);而西伯利亚鲟肌肉中游离组氨酸含量却随混合植物蛋白质替代水平的上升呈先升高后降低的趋势,以AB-PPB100组最低,显著低于除AB-PPB75组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。随着混合植物蛋白质替代水平的上升,花鲈肌肉游离氨基酸中牛磺酸含量先升高后降低,以对照组最低,显著低于除LJ-PPB100组外的其他各组(P<0.05);但对西伯利亚鲟没有显著影响(P>0.05)。2种试验鱼鲜鱼片的质构特性差异较大,但熟鱼片差异较小。混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉后对2种试验鱼鲜鱼片和熟鱼片质构特性的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。2种试验鱼鲜鱼片的剪切力差异较大,西伯利亚鲟要远高于花鲈,但二者均未随着混合植物蛋白质替代水平的上升而发生显著变化(P>0.05)。2种试验鱼鲜鱼片中胶原蛋白含量差异较小,且随着混合植物蛋白质替代水平的上升均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并均在替代水平为25%时达到最高值。混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉对花鲈鲜鱼片的滴水损失没有显著影响(P>0.05),但降低了西伯利亚鲟鲜鱼片的滴水损失,且在替代水平为50%和100%时差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。LJ-PPB25组花鲈的肌纤维密度显著低于LJ-PPB100组(P<0.05),但AB-PPB25组与AB-PPB100组间西伯利亚鲟的肌纤维密度无显著差异(P>0.05)。根据生长及肉质结果,花鲈饲料中混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉的水平不宜高于50%。混合植物蛋白质完全替代鱼粉不影响西伯利亚鲟的生长,但考虑肉质指标建议最高替代水平为75%。

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