全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
投递稿件

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

饲粮阴阳离子平衡对热应激奶牛机体矿物质代谢的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.12.011

Keywords: 饲粮阴阳离子平衡,热应激,奶牛,矿物质代谢

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

试验旨在研究饲粮阴阳离子平衡(dietarycation-anionbalance,DCAB)对热应激条件下奶牛机体矿物质代谢的影响.采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取75头健康的泌乳中期[泌乳日龄为(104.8±12.0)d]中国荷斯坦奶牛,根据胎次、产奶量、体重相近的原则随机分为5组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和对照组),分别饲喂DCAB值为195.76、186.68、177.77、166.94、239.12mEq/kg干物质(DM)的饲粮.试验期为67d,其中预试期7d,正式试验期60d.结果表明:对试验期间环境温湿度的监测结果为温湿指数(THI)>72,奶牛处于热应激状态,奶牛直肠温度对照组最高,Ⅰ组最低,呼吸频率随DCAB值的升高而升高,各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);通过改变饲粮DCAB值,对奶牛乳中钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、磷(P)的浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组奶牛乳中钠(Na)的浓度均有不同程度的提高,差异显著(P<0.05),氯(Cl)的浓度显著降低(P<0.05);对奶牛血清中K、Mg、P、Na的浓度影响差异不显著(P>0.05),血清中Ca的浓度随着DCAB值的升高有降低的趋势,而Cl的浓度呈上升趋势;对尿液中K、Ca、Na、Mg的浓度影响差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的Cl的浓度分别提高了33.826%、35.598%,差异显著(P<0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别提高了95.421%、76.957%,差异极显著(P<0.01);尿液pH随着饲粮DCAB值的升高而升高,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组相比,显著提高(P<0.05).因此,在热应激条件下,添加阴阳离子平衡盐调整饲粮DCAB值在177.77mEq/kgDM以下时,对降低奶牛的呼吸频率、缓解热应激、增加血清Ca浓度效果较好,有利于改善奶牛健康状况.

 References

[1]  李建国,桑润滋,张正珊,等.热应激对奶牛生理常值、血液生化指标、繁殖及泌乳性能的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1998,21(4):69-75.
[2]  李大刚.阴离子盐和维生素D对围产期奶牛钙调控机制和健康作用的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2006.
[3]  BROUK M.Evaluating and selecting cooling systems for different climates[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Western Dairy Management Conference.Reno:[s.n.],2005:33-40.
[4]  李秋凤.日粮阴阳离子平衡对不同泌乳阶段热应激奶牛的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2002.
[5]  李斌,郭卫忠,孙长勉,等.干奶后期饲喂阴离子盐对奶牛离子平衡和产奶的影响[J].乳业科学与技术,2003(4):186-189.
[6]  王加启,于建国.饲料分析与检验[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2004.
[7]  TUCKER W B,XIN Z,HEMKEN R W.Influence of calcium chloride on systemic acid-base status and calcium metabolism in dairy heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(4):1401-407.
[8]  BERMAN A,FOLMAN Y,KAIM M,et al.Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for high-yielding dairy cows in a subtropical climate[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1985,68(6):1488-1495.
[9]  臧长江,王加启,周振锋,等.热应激条件下日粮阴阳离子平衡对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(11):101-105.
[10]  姚勤.奶牛日粮阴阳离子平衡调节及温热环境评价[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[11]  张和平,张列兵.现代乳品工业手册[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005.
[12]  邢慧敏,云振宇,李妍,等.牛乳体细胞数与乳中离子含量相关性的研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(5):53-55.
[13]  郭本恒.乳品化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001.
[14]  SANCHEZ W K,MCGUIRE M A,BEEDE D K.Macromineral nutrition by heat stress interactions in dairy cattle:review and original research[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(7):2051-2079.
[15]  SANCHEZ W K,BEEDE D K,DELORENZO M A.Macromineral element interrelationships and lactational performance:empirical models from a large data set[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(10):3096-3001.
[16]  BEEDE D K,COLLIER R J.Potential nutritional strategies for intensively managed cattle during thermal stress[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,62:543-554.
[17]  BEEDE D K,MALLONEE P G,SCHNEIDER P L,et al.Potassium nutrition of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,1983,13:198-206.
[18]  BEEDE D K,SHEARER J K.Nutritional management of dairy cattle during hot weather[J].Agric-Practice,1991,12:5-13.
[19]  ESCOBOSA A,COPPOCK E C.Effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride on physiological responses of lactating dairy cows in hot weather[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1984,67(3):574-584.
[20]  GOFF J P,HORST R L.Effects of the addition of potassium or sodium,but not calcium,to prepartum rations on milk fever in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(1):176-186.
[21]  吴文旋,李胜利.不同日粮阴阳离子差对喀斯特地区围产期奶牛代谢、健康及泌乳性能的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(8):1113-1119.
[22]  YEN J T,POOD W G,PRIOR R L.Calcium chloride as a regulator of feed intake and weight gain in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1981,52:778.
[23]  TUCKER W B,XIN Z,HEMKEN R W,et al.Influence of dietary calcium chloride on adaptive changes in acid-base status and mineral metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed a diet high in sodium bicarbonate[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(6):1587-1597.
[24]  LIESEGANG A,CHIAPPI C,RISTELI J,et al.Influence of different calcium contents in diets supplemented with anionic salts on bone metabolism in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2007,91(3/4):120-129.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133