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仔猪肠道损伤修复营养调控及其机制和应用

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.10.015

Keywords: 断奶仔猪,肠道,损伤修复,多肽类生长因子,微生态调控剂,营养代谢调控剂

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Abstract:

仔猪早期断奶是现代养猪业中的一项重要技术措施,但断奶应激又导致仔猪出现早期断奶综合征,尤其是肠道损伤。肠道正常的功能依赖肠道黏膜上皮屏障、免疫屏障、生物屏障的完整性来维持。断奶应激会导致仔猪肠道黏膜形态结构改变、肠上皮屏障通透性增加、消化吸收功能降低、黏液层厚度下降、肠道pH升高、免疫抑制、肠道微生物菌群失衡等,甚至造成肠道功能的继发性损伤和功能紊乱。因此,肠道损伤修复及其营养调控研究日益受到关注。直接或间接调控因子主要包括:1)多肽类生长因子。主要包括表皮生长因子(EGF)、胰高血糖素样肽-2(GLP-2)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和转化生长因子(TGF)等。本文介绍了本团队制备的猪胰高血糖素样肽-2(pGLP-2)长效化产物对降低仔猪肠道炎性反应,提高黏膜屏障功能的作用。2)微生态调控剂。包括益生菌制剂和抗菌肽。猪饲粮中常用益生菌有屎肠球菌、芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、乳球菌、酵母菌等。已报道用于仔猪饲粮的抗菌肽主要有天蚕素、防御素、抗菌肽buforinⅡ、抗菌肽P5及复合肽等。3)营养代谢调控剂。报道较多的氨基酸及其衍生物有谷氨酰胺及其替代品α-酮戊二酸、L-精氨酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸等。研究较多的其他调控剂还有短链脂肪酸、壳聚糖、植物多糖、锌和硒等。本文对上述各类损伤修复调控因子研究进展进行了综述。

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