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动物源抗菌肽的研究现状和展望

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.10.003

Keywords: 抗菌肽,生物学功能,稳定性,表达规律,分子改良,重组表达

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Abstract:

动物源抗菌肽是机体先天免疫系统的重要效应分子,因其具有广谱高效抗菌活性、细胞选择性及不易产生耐药性等特点,一直被人们认为是抗生素的理想替代品。此外,由于动物体自身分泌的抗菌肽远未达到抑制细菌所需浓度,因此其生物学功能不仅局限于抗菌活性。大量研究表明,抗菌肽不仅具有抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗肿瘤等效果,在体内还表现出抗炎症反应、招募免疫细胞、促进上皮损伤修复、促进细胞吞噬细菌等重要作用。然而抗菌肽在一些方面的研究尚不透彻或存在争议,如抗菌肽是否存在耐药性以及通过重组表达技术生产的抗菌肽是否能安全有效地应用。关于抗菌肽的一些生物学功能与分子机制还有待系统深入的研究,如抗菌肽的构效关系、抗菌肽对益生菌的影响、抗菌肽与抗生素的互作效应、抗菌肽的稳定性及其吸收与代谢情况、营养物质调控内源抗菌肽的表达等。因此本文旨在从动物源抗菌肽的生物学功能、作用机制、稳定性与吸收、表达规律与营养调控、分子改良以及重组表达6个方面进行综述,为研发新型、高效、环保型抗生素替代品提供重要信息和策略。

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