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叶酸对种鸡子代胚胎期脂代谢基因表达及甲基化的影响

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.07.011

Keywords: 叶酸,种鸡,DNA甲基化,基因表达,子代胚胎期

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Abstract:

本试验旨在研究饲粮叶酸水平对种鸡子代胚胎期肝脏脂代谢相关基因表达及其甲基化的影响。试验选用120日龄体重相近的北京油鸡90只随机分为3组(每组30个重复,每个重复1只),单笼饲养,分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(叶酸含量0.53mg/kg)中添加0(对照组)、2.5、5.0mg/kg叶酸的试验饲粮,常规笼养90d。于产蛋高峰期收集种蛋孵化,子代分别于16胚龄、19胚龄和1日龄时取肝脏组织。采用放射免疫的方法检测种蛋及饲粮叶酸含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法检测子代胚胎期肝脏脂肪合成关键基因mRNA的表达水平;重亚硫酸盐修饰直接测序法(BSP)和半巢式聚合酶链式反应检测肝脏固醇类调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP-1c)启动子区域(-789~-466bp)及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)启动子区域(-159~+143bp)的甲基化程度。结果表明:饲粮添加2.5mg/kg叶酸使得种蛋中叶酸沉积比对照组增加了81.92%(P0.05);相同日龄比较,添加叶酸下调SREBP-1c基因的表达水平,且高叶酸添加组比对照组SREBP-1c甲基化程度分别下降了8.54%、9.47%及8.37%,但甲基化程度均未达到显著性差异(P>0.05)。FAS与SREBP-1c基因表达水平呈现一致的变化趋势,1日龄时达到峰值,组间达到显著差异(P<0.05),然而FAS基因在胚胎发育过程中各CpG位点均呈现高度去甲基化状态。与此不同的是,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)与FAS基因表达水平随胚龄增加呈现相反的变化趋势,组间比较,16胚龄时差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,种鸡产蛋期叶酸水平在一定程度上提高种蛋中叶酸沉积(P<0.05),且影响子代胚胎部分时期脂质代谢相关基因(SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC)表达。SREBP-1c、FAS启动子区域的甲基化程度与基因表达水平没有相关性;组间比较,叶酸添加组间甲基化变化也没有差异,可能的原因是叶酸水平对该基因甲基化程度的影响不起主导作用,是影响了其他基因的甲基化程度和表达水平,间接影响SREBP-1c的基因表达水平。

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