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地质通报  2005 

地质微生物作用与油气资源

, PP. 1022-1026

Keywords: 地质微生物作用,成烃,降解,油气资源

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Abstract:

地质微生物作用与油气资源的生成、保存、破坏、开采和勘探的各个环节都有着密切的联系.微生物(细菌)本身不仅是良好的成烃母质,还是促使有机物转化为石油烃的主要营力.微生物作用使沉积有机质向更有利于生烃的物质转化,并使有机质中表征成熟度的一些指标在尚未受热成熟作用前就显示成熟特征.沉积环境中微生物的发育对有机质的贡献与保存有积极作用,细菌对有机质的降解也有利于有机质中成烃组分的保存与富集.微生物作用生成的天然气、煤层气和甲烷水合物在世界各地已成为有商业开采价值的资源.然而,微生物对已成藏的油气资源又具有破坏作用.储层中喜氧与厌氧菌的存在,不仅破坏石油储量,还使原油质量明显下降.

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