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地球学报  2008 

青藏高原第四纪重点湖泊地层序列和湖相沉积若干特点

DOI: 10.3975/cagsb.2008.03.04

Keywords: 青藏高原,第四纪湖相地层,第四纪地层分区,湖泊沉积特点,资源环境科学钻探工程

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Abstract:

本项研究对青藏高原代表性第四纪湖泊沉积区作了大范围调查,北自柴达木昆特依湖和昆仑山口、南抵江布-林芝,西起甜水海、东至迪庆.据青藏高原地质构造、沉积建造和地貌特点,将高原第四纪地层区划分为6个地层分区:藏南湖盆分区(Ⅰ)、羌塘高原湖盆分区(Ⅱ)(羌南湖盆亚区(Ⅱ-1)和羌北湖盆亚区(Ⅱ-2))、三江高山河谷分区(Ⅲ)、昆仑高山分区(Ⅳ)、柴达木、青海湖盆分区(Ⅴ)和阿尔金-祁连山高山区(Ⅵ).并对上述Ⅰ-Ⅴ分区第四纪湖相地层层序作了较详细划分和对比.从而指出青藏高原第四纪湖相沉积具有如下特点:①除了柴达木-青海湖盆分区外,其余各分区的湖滨剖面湖相碎屑沉积相对较粗,而同青藏高原属于全球第四纪最新隆起区相一致;②在湖盆区的湖相沉积常叠加或伴生冲洪积、风积相和冰碛或冰水沉积以及部分泥石流沉积、化学沉积与热水沉积.它们既反映青藏高原在第四纪隆升进入冰冻圈后湖盆沉积环境时有冷期发生,又反映高原隆升背景下,洪水期诱发山崩和泥石流堵塞成湖,或由于洪水泛滥,导致高原边缘内流湖决溃、湖泊消失(如Ⅲ、Ⅳ分区),还反映高原湖泊成盐过程与深部作用、强烈的新构造运动密切相关;③除了柴达木-青海湖分区(Ⅴ)和羌塘高原湖盆分区部分大型湖盆自第四纪以来有连续湖相沉积外,其他分区第四纪湖相沉积多不连续;④由于全新世青藏高原口趋干旱,除了一些现代积水湖盆外,有相当多湖泊干化,而缺失顶部湖相沉积.综上所述,为了获取青藏高原第四纪沉积连续环境记录,需选择高原内部或周边为数较少的新生代连续沉积盆地.本文论证了柴达木盆地是一个较理想的研究高原晚新生代湖相沉积区,建议在柴达木盆地实施晚新生代资源环境科学钻探工程.

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