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地球学报  2011 

班戈错晚第四纪湖泊发育、湖面变化与藏北高原东南部末次大湖期湖泊演化

DOI: 10.3975/cagsb.2011.01.03

Keywords: 藏北高原,班戈错,晚第四纪,末次大湖期,湖泊演化,湖面变化

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Abstract:

班戈错是因湖面阶段性下降而于晚更新世末期从母湖色林错东部分离出来的小离湖。2003年5—7月,我们对班戈湖沿岸进行了详细的地貌与第四纪地质调查,湖面高程及6条剖面湖岸阶地的水准测量,并采集了沿岸及邻区的湖相沉积物样品进行U系年龄测定。研究结果表明,班戈错湖岸阶地共6级,其中T1为与色林错分离后所形成,T2至T6的拔湖高度与U系年龄分别为:T2,11.8～29.8m/10.9±1.9～14.8±1.1kaBP;T3,32.4～59.8m/31.1±2.5kaBP;T4,52.4～83.7m/36.3±3.1～38.8±3.7kaBP;T5,82.2～112.9m/35.1±2.9kaB.P.;T6,121.8～139.8m/47.9±3.8kaB.P.,色林错各阶地的高度则应减去与班戈错湖面的高差9m。色林错—班戈错沿岸与纳木错沿岸的6级湖岸阶地在形成时代上可以很好地对比。此外,在藏北高原东南部,还发现了多处晚更新世早中期的高位湖相沉积。据此,可以将藏北高原东南部自MIS5以来的末次大湖期的湖泊演化,划分为125～30kaBP/MIS5e～MIS3a的羌塘大湖期和30～0kaBP/MIS2～1的藏北湖群期。前者又可进一步划分为125～96kaBP/MIS5e～c的羌塘大湖亚期,96～75kaBP/MIS5b～a的羌塘东湖亚期,75～37kaBP/MIS4～MIS3a的大湖退缩亚期及37～30kaBP/MIS3a残留大湖亚期。后者则可分为30～10kaBP/MIS2的湖泊咸化亚期和10～0kaBP/MIS1的盐湖发育亚期。本文还根据自1959年以来历年所测的地形图、遥感图像或数据、水位观测记录、三次水深测量和2003年5月26日的湖水位高程测量等资料,勾绘了班戈错近50年来的湖岸线变迁和湖面高程变化曲线图。研究表明,自1959年至2003年9月的近50年间,班戈错湖面总体上升,但其间经历了先降后升再略有下降的过程,即自1959年至1973年或稍晚,班戈错一直收缩、湖面下降了0.25m,此后湖面总体上升,其幅度可达1.75m。

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