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地球学报  2004 

东昆仑大地震的深部构造背景

Keywords: 深地震测深剖面,地壳结构,地震,青藏高原,东昆仑

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Abstract:

本文以深地震测深剖面资料揭示的地壳结构形态为切入点,探讨东昆仑8.1级大地震的深部构造背景。沱沱河—小柴旦长500km的剖面范围内发现两处大的莫霍面错断,分别位于东昆仑柴达木结合带之下和金沙江断裂之下。青藏高原北部的地壳厚度61~75km:莫霍面具有一致南倾,逐步加深的产状及弱反射性特征;下地壳明显增厚,但速度未见明显降低;上地壳发育逆冲、走滑断裂;地壳中部存在低速层。北邻的柴达木盆地地壳相对刚性,厚52±2km。东昆仑及邻区的壳幔结构有利于强地震孕育。在印度板块向北推挤和柴达木地块的向南插入的区域挤压应力场中,青藏高原北部较弱的下地壳缩短增厚,变形过程中的蠕滑引起地壳浅部的应力放大。但NE向主压应力的作用不是大地震形成的唯一要素,与青藏高原北部各地体侧向运动有关。侧向运动速率和幅度的差异使应力在各地体的边界断裂积累并使其复活。而低速层对形成孕育大地震需要的“立交桥式”的局部应力环境是必不可少的条件。

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