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地球学报  2010 

基于相化学研究老挝万象钾镁盐矿床形成的机制

DOI: 10.3975/cagsb.2010.02.08

Keywords: 钾盐矿床,相化学,成钾卤水,古海水,掺杂作用

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Abstract:

老挝万象钾镁盐矿床是一个典型的海相碎屑盐缺硫酸盐型钾盐矿床,该矿床形成于古近纪,是古海水蒸发浓缩沉积形成。老挝万象钾镁盐矿床中缺乏硫酸盐和碳酸盐沉积物,因此深入研究该矿床的形成机制很重要。本文研究探讨了该矿床形成时的古海水特点,根据相化学,分析成钾原始卤水的物理化学特性,从矿体形成的化学基础来研究老挝钾镁盐矿床形成的机制。结果表明:显生宙以来海水组分发生变化,经海相非骨骼灰岩和钾盐蒸发岩矿物学研究,发现这两种沉积岩长期以来连续变化,在“文石海”是MgSO4型蒸发盐,在“方解石海”是KCl型蒸发盐,从白垩纪晚期、第三纪早期的底部石盐溴含量及矿物学特征表明,此时处于“方解石海”,古海水组分的特点是造成缺硫酸盐型钾盐矿床形成的物化基础;通过NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O和NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O两个体系相图的分析认为,当时所形成的成钾原始体系母液是高镁、低钾氯化物型的卤水,在母液蒸发过程中,由于原始海侵母液与残余高镁母液的掺杂作用,致使结晶路线直接从氯化钠区到E点母液或光卤石与氯化钠共饱线上,而没有通过氯化钠和氯化钾的共饱线,因而在矿体中氯化钾相很少或几乎不存在,由于外界CaCl2型水体的掺杂,使成钾母液进入光卤石相区,随着蒸发的进行,最终形成溢晶石矿物。

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