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地球学报  2010 

达尔文翼龙的发现及其意义

DOI: 10.3975/cagsb.2010.02.01

Keywords: 达尔文翼龙,过渡类型,中侏罗世,辽西

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Abstract:

达尔文翼龙为中等大小的翼龙类,发现于辽西辽宁省建昌县玲珑塔中侏罗世髫髻山组,是目前已知唯一由原始类群(非翼手龙类)向进步类群(翼手龙类)演化的过渡类型。它既具有原始类群的特征:比如尾长,多于20节尾椎椎体,且尾椎椎体由极度加长的、纤细的前后关节突及脉弧所包裹,构成一僵硬的尾部,第五脚趾具有两个长的趾节;又具有进步类群的特征:比如头骨加长,鼻孔和眶前孔愈合为一大的鼻眶前孔,颈椎椎体长,没有或者颈肋退化;翼掌骨与肱骨的比率介于原始类群和进步类群之间。达尔文翼龙的发现具有重要意义,它填补了由原始翼龙类向进步翼龙类演化的空白,为生物宏观演化(模块演化)机制-即组成生物体的模块在短时间内共同演化提供例证。从达尔文翼龙的骨骼结构变化上看,空中丰富的食物来源(比如飞行能力差的、带羽毛的恐龙、滑翔的哺乳动物、小的翼龙及昆虫等),可能为导致翼龙头骨和颈部首先演化的原因之一。达尔文翼龙的发现,有可能打破对翼龙类传统分为两大类的方法。

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