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地球学报  2001 

新疆地学断面(泉水沟—独山子)深地震测深成果综合研究

Keywords: 西昆仑山,塔里木盆地,天山,爆炸地震剖面,莫霍(Moho)面

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Abstract:

新疆地学断面(泉水沟独山子)深地震测深剖面的分段成果已经先期分别发表,根据已经发表的资料,本文着重全线震相的对比,并讨论地壳构造与地质演化的关系。该剖面全长约1200km,南起西昆仑山,穿过塔里木盆地,跨越天山,止于准噶尔盆地南缘。该剖面共设12个炮点,共用炸药20t,投入地震仪120台,共获有效三分量记录973个。在折合时间记录截面图上识别出6个震相(Pg,P2,P3,P4,Pm,Pn),经走时反演和射线追踪拟合获得速度结构模型。最终的模型显示塔里木盆地主体的地壳厚度为38~46km,而且塔里木南缘的Moho界面南倾,与结晶基底南倾的角度大体一致。从塔中隆起至西昆仑山前,Moho面深度从40±2km加深到57km,但继续向南深入到西昆仑北坡之下,Moho产状变平,深度减小到54km。以西昆仑北坡基底抬升、下地壳增厚和山前凹陷内存在巨厚沉积的观测事实为依据,推断塔里木盆地南缘地壳向西昆仑山下俯冲,但俯冲的距离和深度可能有限。天山地区观测到了清楚的Pn震相,速度为8.15km/s。整个天山地区Moho平均深度为52km,地壳结构复杂,其中地壳为3~7km厚,速度值5.6km/s的低速层。中天山之下的Moho略显隆起,中、北天山交界处Moho明显错断。地壳内部各层厚度横向变化较大,具

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