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库车坳陷盐相关构造与有利油气勘探领域

, PP. 404-411

Keywords: 盐相关构造,膏盐层,塑性变形,油气勘探,库车坳陷

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Abstract:

野外露头、钻井和地震资料证实,库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木组(西部)和新近系吉迪克组(东部)沉积有较厚的膏盐层。在浮力、重力、沉积差异负载和挤压应力等因素综合作用下,盐体发生明显的塑性流动,围绕拜城凹陷呈环带状分布,并在克拉苏构造带和秋里塔格构造带聚集增厚,最厚可达4000m以上。盐体的塑性变形影响了含盐层系和上覆层的构造变形过程,形成了数量众多、类型丰富的盐相关构造,主要包括盐枕、盐墙、盐推覆、鱼尾、盐焊接(断层焊接)、盐垛、突发构造和盐撤凹陷等。库车坳陷盐相关构造变形影响了油气运移、聚集和成藏过程。盐构造运动形成的丰富圈闭可为油气聚集提供良好的空间,断裂可为油气运移提供良好通道,巨厚的膏盐层还可作为封闭性能良好的盖层。受盐相关构造变形影响,库车坳陷盐下、盐间和盐上存在三种不同的成藏模式。综合分析表明,库车坳陷较为有利的油气勘探领域主要包括有盐下的背斜圈闭、断层遮挡下盘圈闭、地层-岩性圈闭、盐间的构造-地层圈闭和盐上的背斜圈闭等。

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