Barckhausen U and Roeser H A. 2004. Seafloor spreading anomalies in South China Sea revisited // Clift P, Wang P, Kuhnt W and Hayes D E. Continent-Ocean Interactions within the East Asian Marginal Seas. American Geophysical Union Geophysics Monograph, 149: 121？125.
[17]
Bellon H and Rangin C. 1991. Geochemistry and isotopic dating of Cenozoic volcanic arc sequences around the Celebes and Sulu seas // Silver E A, Rangin C and von Breymann M T. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Results, 124: 321？338.
[18]
Briais A, Patriat P and Tapponnier P. 1993. Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea: Implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98: 6299？6328.
[19]
Chung S L, Cheng H and Jahn B M. 1997. Major and trace element, and Sr-Nd isotope constraints on the origin of Paleogene volcanism in South China prior to the South China Sea opening. Lithos, 40: 203？220.
[20]
Clift P D and Lin J. 2001. Preferential mantle lithospheric extension under the South China margin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 18: 929？945.
[21]
Lebedev S, Chevrot S and Nolet G. 2000. New seismic evidence for a deep mantle origin of the South China basalts (the Hainan Plume?) and other observations in SE Asia. EOS, Trans, AGU, 81: 48？148.
[22]
Lei J S, Zhao D P and Steinberger B. 2009. New seismic constraints on the upper mantle structure of the Hainan plume. Phys Earth Planet Inter, 173: 33？50.
[23]
Li P L and Rao C T. 1994. Tectonic characteristics and evolution history of the Pearl river mouth basin. Tectonophysics, 235: 13？25.
[24]
Li S, Meng X, Guo L, Yao C, Chen Z and Li H. 2010. Gravity and magnetic anomalies field characteristics in the South China Sea and its application for interpret?ation of igneous rocks. Applied Geophysics, 17: 295？305.
[25]
Lüdmann T and Wong H K. 1999. Neotectonic regime on the passive continental margin of the northern South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 311: 245？253.
[26]
Lüdmann T, Wong H K and Wang P. 2001. Plio-Quaternary sedimentation processes and neotectonics of the north?ern continental margin of the South China Sea. Marine Geology, 172: 331？358.
[27]
McDermott F, Defant M J, Hawkesworth C J, Maury R C and Joron J L. 1993. Isotope and trace element evidence of three component mixing in the genesis of the North Luzon arc lavas (Philippines). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 113: 9？23.
[28]
Montelli R, Nolet G and Dahlen F A. 2006. A catalogue of deep mantle plumes: New results from finite frequency tomography. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 7(11): 1？69.
[29]
Nissen S S , Hayes D E and Yao B. 1995. Gravity, heat flow, and seismic constraints on the processes of crustal exte?n-sion: Northern margin of the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100: 22447？22483.
[30]
Planke S, Symonds P A, Alvestad E and Skogseid J. 2000. Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large-volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105: 19335？19351.
[31]
Pautot G, Rangin C and Briais A. 1990. The axial ridge of the South China Sea: A seabeam and geophysical survey. Oceanologica Acta , 13(2): 129？143.
[32]
Pigott J D and Ru K. 1994. Basin superposition on the northern margin of the South China Sea. Tectono?physics, 235: 27？50.
[33]
Qiu X, Ye S, Wu S, Zhou D, Xia K and Ernst R F. 2001. Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough of South China sea. Tectonophysics, 341: 179？193.
[34]
Rangin C, Klein M and Roques D. 1995. The Red River fault system in the Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam. Tecton?ophysics, 243: 209？222.
[35]
Sohn R A, Willis C, Humphris S, Shank T M, Singh H, Edmonds H N, Kunz C, Hedman U, Helmke E, Jakuba M, Liljebladh B, Linder J, Murphy C, Nakam?ura K, Sato T, Schlinwein V, Stranne C, Tausenfreund M, Upchurch L, Winsor P, Jakobsson M and Soule A. 2008. Explosive volcanism on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel rigde, Arctic Ocean. Nature, 453: 1236？1238.
[36]
Sun Q L, Wu S G, Lü F L and Yuan S Q. 2010. Polygonal faults and their implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs in the southern Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 39: 470？479.
[37]
Whitmarsh R B, Manatschal G and Minshull T A. 2001. Evolution of magma-poor continental margins from rifting to seafloor spreading. Letters to nature, 413: 150？154.
[38]
Wu S G, Yuan S Q, Zhang G C, Ma Y B, Mi L J and Xu N. 2009. Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deep water of the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea. Marine Petroleum Geology, 36: 817？823.
[39]
Wu S G, Yang Z, Wang D W, Lv F L, Lüdmann T, Craig F and Wang B. 2014. Architecture, development and geological control of the Xisha carbonate platform, northwestern South China Sea. Marine Geology, 350: 71？83.
[40]
Yan P and Liu H. 2004. Tectonic？stratigraphic division and blind fold structures in Nansha waters, South China sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24: 337？348.
[41]
Yan P, Deng H and Liu H L. 2006. The temporal and spatial distribution of volcanism in the South China Sea region. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27: 647？659.
[42]
Yan Q S, Shi X F and Wang K S. 2007. Mineral provinces and material provenance of the surficial sediments near the Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 26: 66-76.
[43]
Yan Q S, Shi X F and Yang Y M. 2008. Potassium- argon/argon-40-argon-39 geochronology of Cenozoic alkali basalts from the South China Sea. Acta Oceano?logica Sinica, 27: 115？123.
Clift P D, Lin J and Barckhausen U. 2002. Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 19: 951？970.
[59]
Clift P D, Lee H G, Duc N A, Barckhausen U, Long H V and Sun Z. 2008. Seismic reflection evidence for a Dangerous Grounds miniplate: No extrusion origin for the South China Sea. Tectonics, 27: 32？48.
[60]
Davis A S and Clague D A. 2005. Volcaniclastic deposit from North Arch volcanic field, Hawaii: Explosive fragmentation of alkalic lava at abyssal depths. Bulletin of Volcanology, 68: 294？307.
[61]
Deniz C, Senay H, Dae C K, Gwang H L, Hyun C H and Moo H K. 2010. The distribution and characteristics of the igneous complexes in the northern East China Sea Shelf Basin and their implications for hydrocarbon potential. Marine Geophysics Research, 31: 299？313.
[62]
Dong D D, Wu S G, Zhang G X and Yuan S Q. 2008. Rifting process and formation mechanisms of syn-rift stage prolongation in the deepwater basin, northern South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin, 53: 3715？3725.
[63]
Fisher R V. 1984. Submarine volcaniclastic rocks. Geolo?gical Society, London, Special Publications, 16: 5？27.
[64]
Fouquet Y, Essien J P, Ondréas H, Barriga F J A S, Batiza R and Danyushevsky L. 1998. Extensive volcaniclastic deposits at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis: Results of deep-water basaltic explosive volcanic activity? Terra Nova, 10: 280？286.
[65]
Franke D, Barckhausen U, Baristeas N, Engels M, Ladage S, Lutz R, Montano J, Pellejera N, Ramos E G and Schn?abel M. 2011. The continent-ocean transition at the southeastern margin of the South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 28: 1187？1204.
[66]
Franke D. 2013. Rifting, lithosphere breakup and volcanism: Comparison of magma-poor and volcanic rifted margins. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 43: 63？87.
[67]
Gwang H L, Young I K, Chong S Y, Han J K and Hai S Y. 2006. Igneous complexes in the northern South Yellow Sea Basin and their implications for hydrocarbon systems. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23: 631？645.
[68]
Hinz K and Schlüter H U. 1985. Geology of the Dangerous Grounds, South China Sea, and the continental margin off southwest Palawan: Results of Sonne cruises SO-23 and SO-27. Energy, 10: 282？288.
[69]
Hoang N, Flower M and Carlson R W. 1996. Major, trace element and isotopic compositions of Vienamese bas?alts: Interaction of hydrous EM1-rich asthenosphere with thinned Eurasian lithosphere. Geochimica et Cos?m?oc?himica Acta, 60: 4329？4351.
[70]
Holloway N H. 1982. North Palawan Block, Philippines-its relation to Asian mainland and role in evolution of South China Sea. AAPG Bulletin, 66: 1355？1383.
[71]
Huismans R and Beaumont C. 2011. Depth-dependent extension, two-stage breakup and cratonic underplating at rifted margins. Nature, 473: 74？79.
[72]
Jahn B M, Chen P Y and Yen T P. 1976. Rb-Sr ages of granitic rocks in southeastern China and their tectonic significances. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 87: 763？776.
[73]
Kudrass H R, Wiedicke M and Cepek P. 1986. Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea (Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic reconstructions. Marine and Petrol?eum Geology, 3: 19？30.
[74]
Lebedev S and Nolet G. 2003. Upper mantle beneath Sout?heast Asia from S velocity tomography. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108: 21？47.
[75]
Lee G H and Watkins J S. 1998. Seismic sequence stratigraphy and hydrocarbon potential of the Phu Khanh Basin offshore central Vietnam, South China Sea. AAPG Bulletin, 82: 1711？1735.
[76]
Lee T Y, Lo C H, Chung S L, Chen C Y, Wang P L, Lin W P, Nguyen H, Cung T C and Nguyen T Y. 1998. 40Ar/39Ar dating result of Neogene basalts in Vietnam and its tectonic implication. AGU, Geodynamic series (Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia), 27: 317？330.
[77]
Sun Q L, Wu S G, Hovland M, Luo P, Lu Y and Qu T. 2011. The morphologies and genesis of mega-pockmarks near the Xisha Uplift, South China Sea. Marine Petroleum Geology, 28: 1146？1156.
[78]
Tapponnier P, Peltzer G, Le D Y, Armijo R and Cobbold P. 1982. Propagating extrusion tectonic in Asia: New insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geo?logy, 10: 611？616.
[79]
Tapponnier P, Peltzer G and Armijo R. 1986. On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia. Geological Society, 19: 115？157.
[80]
Taylor B and Hayes D E. 1983. Origin and history of the South China Sea basin, in the Tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian Seas islands // Hayes D E. AGU, Geophysics Monograph Series, 27: 23？56.
[81]
Tim J R and Jason P M. 2004. Continental geotherm and the evolution of rifted margins. Geology, 32: 133？136.
[82]
Tucholke B E, Sawyer D S and Sibuet J C. 2007. Breakup of the Newfoundland-Iberia rift // Karner G, Manatschal G and Pinheiro L D, Imaging, Mapping and Modelling Continental Lithosphere Extension and Breakup. Geological Society,, London, Special Publication, 282(1): 9？46.
[83]
Wang D W, Wu S G and Qin Z L. 2013. Seismic character?ristics of the Huaguang mass transport deposits in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea: Implications for regional tectonic activity. Marine Geology, 346: 165？182.
[84]
Wang G, Wu C and Zhou J. 1998. The Tertiary sequence stratigraphy analysis of Qiongdongnan basin. Experim?ental Petroleum Geology, 20: 124？127.
[85]
Wang P, Prell W L, Blum P, Arnold E M, Buehring C J, Chen M P, Clemens S C, Clift P D, Colin C J G, Farrell J W, Higginson M J, Jian Z, Kuhunt W, Laj C E, Lauer-Leredde C, Leventhal J S, Li A, Li Q, Lin J, McIntyre K, Miranda CR, Nathan S A, Shyu J P, Solheid P A, Su X, Tamburini F, Trentesaux A and Wang L. 2000. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 184.Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 15？18.
[86]
Wang T K, Chen M K and Lee C S. 2006. Seismic Imaging of the Transitional Crust Across the Northeastern Margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 412: 237？254.
[87]
Wei K, Cui H and Ye S. 2001. High-precision sequence stratigraphy in Qiongdongnan basin. Earth Science ？ Journal Of China University of Geosciences, 20: 59？66.
[88]
Whitmarsh R B, Pinheiro L M, Miles P R, Recq M and Sibuet J C. 1993. Thin crust at the Western Iberia. Tectonics, 12: 1230？1239.
[89]
Yan P, Zhou D and Liu Z. 2001. A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China sea. Tectonophysics, 338: 1？21.
[90]
Yang T F, Lee T Y and Chen C H. 1996. A double island arc between Taiwan and Luzon: Consequence of ridge subduction. Tectonophysics, 258: 85？101.
[91]
Zhao D P. 2007. Multiscale seismic tomography of mantle plumes and subducting slabs // Yuen D A, Maruyama S, Karato S I and Windley B F. Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics. Springer Netherlands: 7？30.
[92]
Zhou H M, Xiao L, Dong Y X, Wang C Z, Wang F Z and Ni P Z. 2009. Geochemical and geochronological study of the Sanshui basin bimodal volcanic rock suite, China: Implications for basin dynamics in southeastern China. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 34: 178？189.
[93]
Zhou X M and Li W X. 2000. Origin of Late Mesozoic igneous rocks in SE China: Implications for lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magmas. Tecton?ophysics, 326: 269？287.
