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碳酸盐岩变形带特征及其与油气关系――以塔里木盆地下古生界为例

Keywords: 碳酸盐岩,变形带,分类,高渗透,储层

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Abstract:

深入了解变形带的差异性对碳酸盐岩储层渗流作用与油气勘探开发研究具有重要意义。通过野外露头、井下岩心的宏观与微观特征分析,发现塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩变形带发育,存在压实变形带、剪切变形带和膨胀变形带等3类成因变形带。根据变形带的发育演化特征可以进一步划分为8种类型:压实变形带又可分为解聚压实变形带、碎裂压实变形带和压溶压实变形带3种类型;解聚剪切变形带、碎裂剪切变形带和胶结剪切变形带则是3种常见的剪切变形带;膨胀变形带包括碎裂膨胀变形带和胶结膨胀变形带。不同类型变形带特征各异,以解聚压实变形带与碎裂剪切变形带最发育,各类变形带呈现从解聚型向剪切型和胶结型演变的趋势。不同于碎屑岩变形带渗透性急剧降低,塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩变形带的物性与围岩差别较小,不同次级类型变形带渗流特征不同,局部孔隙发育,并影响油气储层非均质性。受控于溶蚀、破裂与白云石化等三种后期改造作用,塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩发育高渗透变形带,可能形成有效渗流通道。

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