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古巴推覆构造带周边盆地充填序列及其构造演化

Keywords: 板块碰撞,洋壳俯冲,地层特征,沉积充填组合

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Abstract:

根据古巴群岛地层特征,将古巴推覆构造带及其周边划分为尤卡坦、巴哈马、中部火山岛弧及南部火山岛弧四个区域。尤卡坦构造单元为古陆残留盆地,以侏罗纪陆相沉积为特征,巴哈马构造单元属于被动陆缘,以侏罗纪碳酸盐岩台地沉积为特征,中部火山岛弧为白垩纪火山岛弧,由拉斑玄武岩?钙碱性玄武岩、喷出岩及火山碎屑岩组成,南部火山岛弧为古近纪火山岛弧,以古近系火山岩地层为主。通过与周缘地区地层进行对比、分析,认为侏罗纪?早白垩世时期组成古巴的四个地层分区起源于不同的古板块位置,分别位于北美板块边缘及古加勒比弧,其中尤卡坦构造单元起源于尤卡坦台地,巴哈马构造单元起源于巴哈马台地,中部火山岛弧构造单元起源于古加勒比弧白垩纪岛弧部分,南部火山岛弧构造单元起源于古加勒比弧古近纪岛弧部分。在K-T界线时期,加勒比板块与北美板块的碰撞作用导致了古加勒比海槽的逐步消亡,推动了古加勒比弧与北美大陆边缘的碰撞拼合。此次碰撞作用将古巴不同地区拼合在了一起,控制了古巴群岛褶皱推覆带和各个盆地的演化与沉积充填过程。

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