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地质论评  2003 

深盆气成藏关键地质问题

Keywords: 深盆气藏地质特征成藏机理动力学平衡天然气盆地中心气藏气水倒置现象

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Abstract:

深盆气藏是与源岩紧密相连的气水倒置气藏,具有气水倒置、储层致密、源储相连、无水动力驱动、地层普遍含气、含气面积大、地质储量大、通常出现于盆地的构造较深部位且以含煤地层为主要的气源岩等特征。地层内部天然气能量的最初来源是油气生成过程中由干酪根热化学反应所产生的化学能转换,生气作用过程的持续发生赋予了天然气离开气源岩并进入地层孔隙的基本能量,生烃膨胀力作用导致了气水活塞式的排驱过程和特征,形成了宏观上的气水倒置现象。在地层条件下,气水倒置关系的产生只有两种可能:当天然气最初从源岩排入常规储层时,气水倒置现象产生但具有较小的气柱高度(与浮力作用有关);在深盆气成藏条件达到满足时(如均质性较强、大面积发育且紧邻气源岩的致密储集层发育等),浮力作用失去效力,产生较大气柱高度的气水倒置。与受浮力作用影响(与气柱高度有关)的典型常规气藏相比,典型深盆气成藏与埋藏深度有关。常规气藏表现为原生的高异常地层压力,但深盆气藏具有较大的异常压力变化幅度,两者均可在成藏动力条件达到平衡时具有相对静止的稳态保存特征。

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