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地质论评  2004 

徐州―淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨

Keywords: 新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩微亮晶方解石褶皱构造

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Abstract:

臼齿碳酸盐岩是一种发育在中―新元古代,由微亮晶方解石组成的复杂褶皱构造,其成因一百多年来一直是个谜。通过对徐州-淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩特征、形成环境、分布时限研究,探讨了臼齿碳酸盐岩成因。该区臼齿碳酸盐岩发育在台地缓坡沉积体系中,可作为潮下浅水环境的标志,其形态在微层序中的分布反映沉积环境,具有重要的环境意义。建立了臼齿碳酸盐岩微相环境模式。快速石化作用形成均匀、等粒微亮晶方解石,是臼齿碳酸盐岩显著特征。现代类似于发育臼齿碳酸盐岩潮下环境没有这样的快速石化条件,它要求更高的超过饱和CaCO3沉淀。臼齿碳酸盐岩在本区分布时限介于850~720Ma间,在Sturtian冰期之前消失,与全球其他地区臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的时限一致,Sturtian冰期改变了海洋化学性质,是臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的根本原因。Sturtian冰期对海洋化学性质的影响,可能是揭开臼齿碳酸盐岩成因机理的一个重要新途径。

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