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地质论评  2005 

蛇绿岩研究进展、存在问题及思考

Keywords: MOR型蛇绿岩,SSZ型蛇绿岩,Rodinia超大陆,太古宙绿岩,板块构造学

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Abstract:

2O世纪7O年代建立的蛇绿岩(Ophiolite)概念认为出露在缝合带中的一套镁铁一超镁铁岩组合是大洋岩石圈的残留,其岩性单元可以与现代大洋岩石圈各个层圈一一对应,所以蛇绿岩是确定古板块边界的重要证据,该认识促进了板块构造学说的发展。近年来完善的MOR型和SSZ型蛇绿岩理论体系认为MOR型蛇绿岩形成于洋中脊(MOR),SSZ型蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带上(Supra―SubductionZone),二者的地幔橄榄岩、堆晶岩组合及上部熔岩在岩石学、矿物学和地球化学方面均有不同的特征,洋陆俯冲和洋内俯冲是形成SSZ型蛇绿岩的两种机制,较为合理地解释了蛇绿岩的多样性及其与大洋岩石圈的差异。由于大洋板块的俯冲作用,在缝合带中MOR型蛇绿岩很少被保存下来,保存较好的大多数为SSZ型蛇绿岩。本文探讨了蛇绿岩研究中经常遇到的问题并提出了解决的思路,同时认为Rodinia超大陆前是否存在蛇绿岩、太古宙绿岩是否为蛇绿岩均为有待深入研究的问题。

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