全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
地质论评  2005 

生物礁的研究现状与发展趋势

Keywords: 生物礁构造支撑地质历史时期矿藏资源碎屑颗粒胶结作用

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

生物礁是由固着生物所建造的本质上是原地沉积的碳酸盐建造。生物礁内部孔隙和空洞非常发育,从而成为油气和多种矿藏资源的有利富集场所,所以生物礁的研究具有重要的实际意义,而且越来越受到人们的关注。生物礁成分、构造以及形态复杂多样,研究历史非常久远并且充满了争论。在以前的研究中非常依赖于一些非常主观的特点,如抗浪性等来判断是否为生物礁,因此在生物礁100多年的研究中始终都存在着礁与非礁的尖锐争论。这一问题实际上涉及到生物礁的基本概念、定义以及各种术语的含义。这些方面的混乱严重的影响了生物礁的研究与发展。经过最近20年的研究,生物礁的国内外研究取得了很大的进展。对生物礁的判断现在主要根据生物礁客观和固有的特点,如生物礁内部的构造支撑以及构造支撑所决定的内部成分。这在很大程度上扩展了生物礁研究的广度和深度。对最新的研究成果的总结和介绍必将推动我国生物礁研究的发展。本文在参考国内外大量文献的基础上,主要介绍了生物礁研究的历史与最新成果;总结了生物礁概念与定义的最新认识以及建立在构造基础上的分类方案;对生物礁生长的过程与影响因素以及与环境的关系进行了论述;介绍了造礁生物在地质历史时期中的发展与演化,以及生物礁地化研究的成果与意义。

References

[1]  Camoin G F, Gautret P, Montaggioni L F, Cabioch G. 1999.Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mud mounds: concepts and categories. Sedimentary Geology, 126: 271~304.
[2]  Chester R. 1965. Geochemical criteria for differentiating reef from nonreef facies in carbonate rocks: Bull. Am. Asso. Petro.Geol. , 49: 258~276.
[3]  Copper P. 1974. Structure and development of Early Paleozoic reefs.In: Proceedings of the International Coral Reef Symposium, 2nd.Brisbane, Australia, Great Barrier Reef Committee, 1:365~386.
[4]  Copper P. 2002. Silurian and Devonian reefs: 80 Myr of global greenhouse between two ice ages. In: Kiessing W, Flugel E,Golonka J, eds. Phanerozoic Reef Patterns, SEPM Special Publication, No. 72, 295~308.
[5]  Edie R W. 1961. Devonian limestone reef reservoir, Swan Hills oil field, Alberta. Can. Min. Metal. Bull., 54:447~454.
[6]  Embry A F, Klovan J E. 1971. A late Devonian reef tract on northeastern Banks Island, N. W. T. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol.,19:730~781.
[7]  Fan Jiasong. 1996. On the basic researches concerning ancient reefs in China and their prospects for oil and gas development. In: Fan J,ed. The Ancient Organic Reefs of China and Their Relations to Oil and Gas. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 326~329(in Chinese).
[8]  Fan Jiasong, Rigby J K, Zhang Wei. 1991. "Hydrozoan" from Middle and Upper Permian reefs of South China. Jour. Paleont. , 65:45~68.
[9]  Fan Jiasong, Zhang Wei. 1985. On the basic concept and classification of organic reefs and their main identifying criteria. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 1(3): 45~59 (in Chinese).
[10]  Fagerstrom J A. 1987. The Evolution of Reef Communities. New York: Wiley, 600.
[11]  Fairchild I J. 1991. Origins of carbonate in Neoproterozoic stromatolites and the identification of modern analogues.Precambrian Res. , 53: 281~299.
[12]  Farmer J D. 1989. Observation on the distribution and abundance of some modern laminated microbial mats and the Late Proterozoic decline in stromatolite diversity and abundance. Geological Society of America abstract with programs, 21 (6) : 146~ 147.
[13]  Flügel E. 1988. Halimeda: Paleontological record and paleoenvironmental significance. Coral Reefs, 6:123~130.
[14]  Flügel E, Kiessling W. 2002. A new look at ancient reefs. In:Kiessing W, Flugel E, Golonka J, eds. Phanerozoic Reef Patterns, SEPM Special Publication, No. 72, 1 ~ 50.
[15]  Folk R L. 1962. Spectral subdivision of limestone types. In: Ham W E, ed. Classification of Carbonate Rocks. Am. Assoc. Pet.Geol. Mem., 1:62~84.
[16]  Ginsburg R N, Shinn E A, Schroeder J H. 1967. Submarine cementation and internal sedimentation within Bermuda reefs.Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. , 115:78~79.
[17]  Gong Enpu, Fan Jiasong. 2000. Early period of early Permian tubular cyanobacteria reef in the eastern part of south Qinling Mountains.Science in China, 43(4): 347~355 .
[18]  Gong Enpu, Guan Guangyue. 1998. Evolution of the Carboniferous reef communities in China. Geological Review, 44(2): 160~164(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]  Goreau T F. 1963. Calcium carbonate deposition by coralline algae and corals in relation to their roles as reef-builders. Ann. N. Y.Acad. Sci., 109 :127~167.
[20]  Grotzinger J P. 1989. Introduction to Precambrian reefs. In:Geldsetzer H H J, et al. , eds. Reefs, Canada and Adjacent Area,Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, Vol. 13, 9~12.
[21]  James N P. 1981. Megablocks of calcified algae in the Cow Head Breccia, western Newfoundland: Vestiges of a Cambro-Ordovician platform margin. GSA Bull. , 92:799~811
[22]  Logan B W. 1961. Cryptozoon and associate stromatolites from the Recent, Shark Bay, Western Australia. J. Geol., 69:517~533.
[23]  Longman M W. 1981. A process approach to recognizing facies of reef complexes. In: Toomey D F, ed. European Fossil Reef Models,SEPM (Soc. Sediment. Geol. ) Spec. Publ. , Tulsa, 30: 9~40.
[24]  Lowenstam H A. 1950. Niagaran reefs of the Great Lakes area. J.Geol. , 58: 431~487.
[25]  Lyell C. 1841. Some remarks on the Silurian strata between Aymestry and Wenlock. Geol. Soc. Proc. , 3: 463~465.
[26]  McNeill D F, Budd A F, Borne P F. 1997. Earlier (late Pliocene)first appearance of the Caribbean reef building coral Acropora palmata: Stratigraphic and evolutionary implications. Geology, 25(10): 891~894.
[27]  Montaggioni L F, Camoin G F. 1993. Stromatolites associated with coralgal communities in Holocene high-energy reefs. Geology, 21:149~152.
[28]  Monty C L V. 1995. The rise and nature of carbonate mud-mounds:an introductory actualistic approach. In: Monty C L V,Bosence D W J, Bridges P H and Pratt B R, eds. Carbonate Mud Mounds,Their Origin and Evolution Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc.Sedimentol. , 23. Oxford: Blackwell, 11~48.
[29]  Pratt B R. 1982. Stromatolite decline--A reconsideration.Geology, 10:512~515.
[30]  Rasmussen K A, Macintyre I G, Prufert L. 1993. Modern stromatolite reefs fringing a brackish coastline, Chetumal Bay,Belize. Geology, 21(3) :199~202.
[31]  Reid R P, Visscher P T, Decho A W, Stolz J F, Debout B M, Dupraz C, Macintyre I G, Paerl H W, Pinckney J L, Prufert-Bebout L,Steppe T F, Desmarais D J. 2000. The role of microbes in accretion, lamination and early lithification of modern marine stromatolites. Nature, 406: 989 ~ 992.
[32]  Riding R. 1977. Reef concepts. In: Proc. 3rd Intern. Coral Reef Symposium, Miami, 209~213.
[33]  Riding R. 1982. Cyanophyte calcification and changes in ocean chemistry. Nature, 299:814~815.
[34]  Riding R. 1989. Reef construction by calcified algae and cyanobacteria. Symposium on Algae in Reefs. Granada,Abstracts, 1~2.
[35]  Riding R. 2002. Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mud mounds: concepts and categories. Earth-Science Reviews, 58(1~2): 163~231.
[36]  Riding R, Zhuravlev A Y. 1995. Structure and diversity of oldest sponge-microbe reefs: Lower Cambrian, Aldan River, Siberia.Geology, 23(7): 649~652.
[37]  Schmidt V, Klement K W. 1971. Early diagenetic origin of reef framework in the Permian Capitan reef complex, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas and New Mexico. In: Ⅷ Internat. Sedim.Congr. Heidelberg. , Program with Abstracts, 89.
[38]  Schopf J W. 1983. Earth\'s earliest biosphere: Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press, 543.
[39]  Scoffin T P. 1993. The geological effects of hurricanes on coral-reefs and the interpretation of storm deposits. Coral Reefs, 12: 203~221.
[40]  Stanley Jr G D. 2003. The evolution of modern corals and their early history. Earth-Science Reviews, 60:195~225.
[41]  Stanley Jr G D, Fautin D G. 2001. The origins of modern corals.Science, 291:1913~1914.
[42]  Stanton R J. 1967. Factors controlling shape and internal facies distribution of organic carbonate buildups. Bull. Am. Assoc.Pet. Geol. , 51:2462~2467.
[43]  Tian Shugang, Fan Jiasong. 2002. Early-Middle Permian reef frameworks and reef-building models in the eastern Kunlun Mountains. Acta Geologica Sinica, 75(2): 115~125 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[44]  Vaughan T W. 1911. Physical conditions under which the Paleozoic reefs were formed. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 22:238~252.
[45]  Webb G E. 2002. Latest Devonian and Early Carboniferous reefs:depressed reef building after the Middle Paleozoic collapse. In:Kiessing W, Flugel E, Golonka J, eds. Phanerozoic Reef Patterns, SEPM Special Publication, No. 72, 309~315.
[46]  Wilson J L. 1975. Carbonate Facies in Geologic History. New York:Springer Verlag, 471.
[47]  Wray J L. 1968. Late Paleozoic phylloid algal limestone in the United States. In: Proceedings, International Geological Congress,23rd, Prague, 8:113~119.
[48]  Wu Yasheng, Fan Jiasong. 2001. Calculation of Maokouan eustatic ranges based on reefs. Science in China(D), 45(3): 233~242.
[49]  范嘉松.1996.中国古生代生物礁的研究的基本状况与今后的发展方向.见:范嘉松,主编.中国生物礁与油气.北京:海洋出版社,326~329.
[50]  范嘉松,张维.1985.生物礁的基本概念、分类及识别特征.岩石学报,1(3):45~59.
[51]  巩恩普,关广岳.1998.中国石炭纪生物礁造礁群落演化.地质论评,44(2):160~164.
[52]  胡平忠,王金忠.1996.珠江口盆地第三纪生物礁.见:范嘉松,主编.中国生物礁与油气.北京:海洋出版社,294~325.
[53]  库兹涅佐夫.1983.礁地质学及礁的含油气性.李建温,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2.
[54]  覃建雄,曾允孚,陈洪德,田景春.1999.右江盆地二叠纪生物礁层序地层学研究.地质科学,34(4):506~517.
[55]  田树刚,范嘉松.2002.东昆仑早-中二叠世生物礁建造特征.地质学报,76(2):115~125.
[56]  吴亚生.1989.广西隆林下二叠统生物礁的综合研究.地质论评,35(1):52~59.
[57]  吴亚生,范嘉松.2001.根据生物礁定量计算茅口期全球海平面变化幅度.中国科学(D),31(3):233~242.
[58]  吴亚生,范嘉松.2002.二叠纪-三叠纪礁相房室海绵演化与灭绝.古生物学报,41(2):163~177.
[59]  Borowitzka M A. 1982. Mechanisms in algal calcification. Prog.Phycol. Res, 1:137~177.
[60]  Camoin G F, Montaggioni L F. 1994. High energy coralgal-stromatolite frameworks from Holocene reefs (Tahiti, French Polynesia). Sedimentology, 41: 655~ 676.
[61]  Cumings E R. 1932. Reefs or bioherms? Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. , 43:331~352.
[62]  Cumings E R, Shrock R R. 1928. Niagaran coral reefs of Indiana and adjacent states and their stratigraphic relations. Bull. Geol. Soc.Am. , 39:579~620.
[63]  Davies P J. 1985. Relationships between reef growth and sea-level in the Great Barrier Reef. In: Proceedings, International Coral Reef Congress, 5th, International Society for reef studies, Papeete,Vol. 3, 95~103.
[64]  Dill R F, Shinn E A, Jones A T, Kelly K, Steinen R P. 1986. Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity water. Nature,324:55~58.
[65]  Dravis J J. 1983. Hardened subtidal stromatolites, Bahamas. Science,219:385~386.
[66]  Dunham R J. 1970. Sratigraphic reefs versus ecologic reefs. Am.Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 54:1931~1932.
[67]  Hall J. 1862. Report on the Geological Survey of the State of Wisconsin, 1: 455.
[68]  Heckel P H. 1974. Carbonate buildups in the geologic record: a review. In: Laporte L F, ed. Reefs in Time and Space, SEPM (Soc. Sediment. Geol. ) Spec. Publ. , Tulsa, 18: 90~155.
[69]  Hubbard D K, Gill I P, Burke R B. 2001. The role of framework in modern reefs and its application to ancient systems. In: Stanley Jr. G D, ed. The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishing/Plenum, 351~386.
[70]  Hu Pingzhong, Wang Jinzhong. 1996. The Tertiary reefs in the basin at the mouth of Zhujiang River, South China. In: Fan J, ed. The Ancient Organic Reefs of China and Their Relations to Oil and Gas. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 294~325 (in Chinese).
[71]  Hyatt A L. 1885. Cambrian reefs, Cruise of Arethusa. Science, 384~386.
[72]  Kiessling W, Flugel E, Golonka J. 2002. Phanerozoic Reef Patterns,SEPM Special Publication, No. 72, 790.
[73]  Klein C, Beukes N J, Schopf J W. 1987. Filamentous microfossile in the early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup: Their morphology,significance, and Paleoenvironmental setting. Precambrian research, 36:81~94.
[74]  Laval B, Cady S, Pollack J C, McKay C P, Bird J S, Grotzinger J P,Ford D C, Bohm H R. 2000. Modern freshwater microbialite analogues for ancient dendritic reef structures. Nature, 407:626~629.
[75]  Lehrmann D J. 1999. Early Triassic calcimicrobial mounds and biostromes of the Nanpanjiang basin, south China. Geology, 27(4): 359~362.
[76]  Lee D, Carpenter S J. 2001. Isotopic disequilibrium in marine calcareous algae. Chemical Geology, 172.. 307~329.
[77]  Liu Zuhan, Yang Mengda. 1999. On the Permian reefs in Huatang of Hunan, China. In: 8th International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera, September 12~ 16, Sendai Japan.
[78]  Qin Jianxiong, Zeng Yunfu, Chen Hongde, Tian Jingchun. 1999.Sequence stratigraphy of Permian reefs, Youjiang Basin,Southwest China. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 34 (4): 506 ~ 517 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[79]  Wu Yasheng. 1989. The Early Permian organic reefs, Longlin county, Guangxi Province. Geological Review, 35 (1): 52 ~ 59 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[80]  Wu Yasheng, Fan Jiasong. 2002. Permian Triassic history of reefal Thalamid sponges: evolution and extinction. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 41(2): 163~177(in Chinese with English abstract).
[81]  Zhong Jianhua, Wen Zhifeng, Guo Zeqing, Wang Haiqiao, Gao Jianbo. 2004. Paleogene and early Neogene lacustrine reefs in the western Qaidam Basin, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78(3) :736~743.
[82]  Zhuravleva I T. 1960. Archaeocyaths of the Siberian Platform.Moscow: Akademiya Nauk, 344.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133