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地质论评  2006 

盐湖学的研究与展望

Keywords: 盐湖研发阶段大盐湖产业盐类资源调查盐湖学研究展望

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Abstract:

人类对盐湖的认识与开发利用历史悠久,例如开采盐湖食盐,可追溯至距今4600年前,此阶段称为盐湖研发萌芽阶段。以近代科技理论方法对盐湖研究与开发大致可划分为3个阶段:①大约19世纪末至20世纪初,以物理化学为主导的石盐、碱、硼小规模开发阶段;②20世纪中期至60年代,暂称为传统地质学、生物学和化工研究与中小规模无机盐开发阶段;③20世纪70年代以来现代地质学、生物学、化学和化工等多学科研究以及大规模无机盐、盐生物、疗养一旅游综合利用与深加工阶段。但是,不少问题依然存在,如单学科研究而较少相互融合,盐湖资源“单打一”勘查开发现象还较多,已开发的盐湖环境和资源有不少受到不同程度破坏等。盐湖学提出与建立,既是基于盐湖与盐境综合性自然资源特点和盐湖科学自身研究开发的历程,也是有其国内外科技与经济发展需求的背景。盐湖学是一门新的基础性、综合性应用学科,它注重用多学科综合集成研究盐湖,这有利于全面揭示古今盐湖的成因与演化规律,有利于综合评价和充分发掘盐湖多元资源效益,所以它有别于传统的单学科研究模式。它注重盐湖与其盐体系基础研究与应用工程技术相结合,避免时有发生的两者相互脱节现象,从而形成相互衔接的“一条龙”研究模式,这为发展绿色盐湖产业、盐境保护与盐湖区可持续发展提供科学支撑。

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