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地质论评  2006 

粤北下庄铀矿田中铀酰矿物的成分特征――对核废料处置库中UO2氧化行为的启示

Keywords: 天然类比铀酰矿物成分特征下庄铀矿田

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Abstract:

下庄铀矿为一花岗岩型铀矿,矿田地处湿热气候条件下,沥青铀矿普遍产于破碎带中,这种特定的产出环境致使该区沥青铀矿经受了强烈的风化,形成种类繁多、数量丰富的铀酰矿物;而我国高放废物地质处置库拟建在花岗岩体中。因此,下庄铀矿田是开展核废料氧化的天然类比研究的理想地区,并对我国的高放废物地质处置库的安全性评价有重要的指导作用。下庄铀矿田的铀酰矿物组合为铀酰氢氧化物、铀酰硅酸盐和铀酰磷酸盐,包括柱铀矿、黄钙铀矿、calciouranoite、红铀矿、富硅铀酰相、硅钙铀矿、钙铀云母和盈江铀矿等。根据它们的空间分布特征可划分成两个风化系列,即硅酸盐风化系列和磷酸盐风化系列,其共生次序分别为:沥青铀矿→铀酰氢氧化物(氧化物)→富硅铀酰相→硅钙铀矿和沥青铀矿→铀酰氢氧化物(氧化物)→钙铀云母→盈江铀矿。在该矿田中,铀酰氢氧化物是亚稳定相矿物,常常被铀酰硅酸盐或磷酸盐取代,因此,铀酰氢氧化物仅出现在少数样品中,而铀酰硅酸盐和铀酰磷酸盐矿物则非常普遍。矿田中的铀酰矿物在化学成分上以富钙为其显著特征,由于核废料地质处置库近场地下水中的Ca^2+含量应该明显比下庄矿田地下水中的高,因此,我们预测含Ca的铀酰硅酸盐和铀酰磷酸盐矿物等热力学上的稳定物相很可能是地质处置系统中最主要的铀酰矿物,处置库内放射性核素的迁移主要是由这些矿物控制的。

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