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地质论评  2007 

西菲律宾海盆表层沉积物中的轻碎屑分区及物质来源

Keywords: 轻碎屑,轻碎屑分区,物质源区,西菲律宾海,表层样

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Abstract:

海洋沉积物中轻碎屑(0?125~0?063mm)种类的特征和分布样式对于沉积物源区的判别具有重要的指示意义。取自西菲律宾海219个表层沉积物样品中的轻碎屑种类包括生物碎屑、石英、长石、褐色火山玻璃、无色火山玻璃、风化碎屑、火山渣,以及含量极低的一些矿物如磷酸盐(鱼牙)、片状矿物(黑云母和白云母)、硅灰石、黑曜石以及极少量的球粒状、椭球状宇源颗粒。分析结果表明,本区的轻碎屑分布可以分为三个区:(Ⅰ)菲律宾海沟以东区,轻碎屑主要源于钙质或硅质生物,邻近的岛弧也贡献了一定量的火山碎屑。(Ⅱ)中部区,石英、长石和无色火山玻璃可能源于中酸性熔岩海山或者是正在活动的中酸性岩浆事件的产物。(Ⅲ)帛琉―九州海岭以西区,本区的物质来源相对比较复杂。长石、石英的含量较低,可能主要来源于中酸性熔岩海山或者是正在活动的中酸性岩浆事件的产物,火山渣主要是源于喷发在帛琉―九州海岭之上的火山。可以认为:①研究区的生物碎屑含量与水深紧密相关,生物碎屑的数量主要受控于碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)。②来自菲律宾岛弧的火山碎屑对本区沉积作用贡献较小,可能通过海流或风等途径向深海盆进行短距离搬运。海底高原(如本哈姆高原)和邻近海岭(如帛琉―九州海岭)火山岩的风化产物对本研究区轻碎屑沉积作用有着重要贡献,其影响范围主要依赖于海底风化作用的强度。③来自中国大陆及菲律宾等邻近岛弧的陆源碎屑物质对本区的沉积作用影响很小。本区可能存在的中酸性熔岩海山是长英质轻碎屑物质的主要源区。

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