Yan Baorui, Zhang Sheng, Hu Dachun. 1992. Genetic relation between microbial activity and the formation of polymetallic concretions in the centril Pacific Ocean. Acta Geologica Sinica (Englishedition), 66(4): 357~370.
[2]
Yan Baorui, Zhang Xigen, Liang Dehua, Xu Dongyu, Liu Yifen,Zhang Wei. 1998. Mechanism and modes of microbial minerogenesis of polymetallic nodules on the ocean floor. Acta GeologicaSinica (English edition), 72(3):282~290.
[3]
Zhang Mingshu,Li Shaoquan, Ren Yucan, Gao Jinnan. 1982. Severalproblems on oceanic manganese nodules. Geological Review, 28(5):494~498(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]
Zhu Erqin, Wang Qi. 1985. Ferromanganese nodules in the offshoreareas of China. Geological Review, 31(5): 404~410(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Amakawa H, Ingri J, Masuda A, Shimizu H. 1991. Isotopic compositions of Ce, Nd and Sr in ferromanganese nodules from the Pacificand Atlantic Oceans, the Baltic and Barents Seas, and the Gulf ofBohtnia. Earth planet. Sci. Lett.,105:554~565.
[14]
Bian Lizeng, Lin Chengyi, Zhang Fusheng, Du De\'an, Chen Jianlin,Shen Huati. 1997. Pelagic manganese nodules--A new type ofoncolite. Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition), 71 (1):43~48.
[15]
Bonatti R,Kraemer T,Rydell H. 1972. Classification and genesis ofsubmarine iron-manganese deposites. In: Horn D R. ed. Ferromanganese deposits on the ocean floor. Nat. Sci. Found, Washington DC,149~166.
Chen Jianlin, Zhang Fusheng, Lin Chengyi, Shi Junxian, Shen Huati,Wang Jiqing, Ma Weilin. 2001. Biogenesis study of manganesenodules from the Chinese Pioneer area in the Pacific Ocean. ActaC-eologica Sinica, 75(2):228~233 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]
Elderfield H,Greaves M J. 1981. Negative Cerium anomalies in the rareearch element patterns of ferromanganese nodules. Earth andPlanet. Sci: Lett. ,55:163~170.
[24]
Faure G. 1984. Principles of isotopic geology. New York:Wiley,299.
[25]
Goldbeg E G,Koide M,Schmitt R A, Smith R H. 1963. Rare earthdistributions in the marine environment. J. Geophys. Res., 68:4209~4217.
[26]
Guo Shiqin, Sun Wenhong. 1992. Rare earth elements in manganesenodules from the central Pacific Ocean. Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition), 66(4): 371~384.
[27]
Keto L S,Jacobson S B. 1987. Nd and Sr isotopic Variations of EarlyPaleozoic oceans. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 84:27~41.
[28]
Li Zhichang, Fang Xiang. 1998. La-Ce isotopic systematics of archeanmetamorphics from Huangling, western Hubei. Geochimica, 27( 2 ):117~124 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]
Li Zhichang, Chen Xiaohong, Liu Wengui. 1999. Depositional environments of the late Sinian-early Permian black rock series -Ce、 Nd isotopic constraint. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 20 (4): 368~377(in Chinese with English abstract).
[30]
Ling Hongfei, Jiang Shaoyong, Ni Pei, Zhang Zhiyuan, ZhouHuaiyang. 2001. Evolution of oceanic Nd isotopic composition inthe Cenozoic and its environmental significance. Geological Review, 47(3) :287~293.
[31]
Ma Daquan, Li Zhichang, Xiao Zhifa. 1997. The constitute,geochronology and geologic evolution of the Kongling complex,western Hubei. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 18 (3):233~241(in Chinese with English abstract).
[32]
Makishima A, Shimizu H, Masuda A. 1987. Precise measurement ofcerium and lanthaum isotope ratios. Mass spectroscopy, 35(2):64~72.
[33]
Makishima A,Masuda A. 1994. Ce isotope ratios of N-type MORB.Chemical Geology, 118:1~8.
[34]
Piepgars D J,Wasserburg G J,Daseh E J. 1979. The isotopic composition of Nd in different ocean masses. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,45:223~236.
[35]
Tanaka T, Usui A, Masuda A. 1986. Oceanic Ce and continental Nd:multiple sources of REE in oceanic ferromanganese nodules. TerraCognita, 6:144.
[36]
Wang Gongnian, Zhu Kechao, Ye Jianping, Xu Hongquan, Liang Pu.1996. Image processing and recognizing of seafloor polymetallicnodule photos. Geological Review, 42(6):560~563 (in Chinesewith English abstract).
[37]
Wu Xuanzhi. 1996. Prospects of image processing of seafioor polymetallic nodule photos. Geological Review, 42(6): 564~565(inChinese ).
[38]
Xiao Xuqi, Guo Shiqin. 1992. Electron microscopic investigation onmanganese minerals in the multi-metallic nodules from the middlePacific Ocean. Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition), 67 (1):33~42.
[39]
Xu Dongyu, Jin Qinghuan, Liang Dehua. 1994. A study of polymetallicnodules in the central Pacific Ocean. Beijing:Geological publishinghouse, 192~225 (in Chinese).