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地质论评  2001 

花岗岩风化壳中的微生物及其对稀土元素的浸出作用

Keywords: 微生物稀土元素风化壳花岗岩浸出作用络合作用分异作用

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Abstract:

对广东共和稀土矿花岗岩风化岩风化壳剖面下不同深度的样品进行微生物培养,发现在0.2-12m深度范围的样品均有微生物存在,在0.2-3m深度范围微生物种类较多。微生物类型有细细菌(包括牙胞杆菌属、肠杆菌属、埃希氏菌属、产碱杆菌属等杆菌,奈瑟氏球菌属、葡萄球菌属等球菌以及梭状芽胞杆菌属厌氧菌)、真菌(包括曲霉属黑曲和黄曲、青霉属、毛霉属、酵母菌)和放线菌。利用风化壳中的各种微生物及其发酵产物对稀土矿样进行稀土浸出实验,并与蒸馏水和不加菌液的培养液作对比,实验结果表明:①混合微生物及其代谢产物浸矿,稀土元素的浸出量明显增加,浸泡液的pH值降低;②真菌类(毛霉属、酵母菌、曲霉属、青霉属)对稀土的浸出量最高,然后依次为发酵芽胞杆菌、葡萄球菌属、放线菌、发酵芽胞杆菌属;③细菌类对稀土的浸出作用主要与其代谢产物改变介质的pH值有关;而真菌类对稀土的浸出作用主要与其直接吸附和吸收稀土元素以及其代谢产物与稀土元素的络合作用有关;④与硫酸铵的浸出结果相比,微生物所浸出的稀土元素δCe较大、δEu值较小、(La/Sm)N和(Gd/Yb)N)的比值较低,结果与稀土元素在华南风化壳稀土矿风同间面中不同层位的变化规律一致。实验结果说明微生物及其代谢产物对风化壳中稀土元素的活化迁移和分异作用具有积极的贡献。

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