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地质论评  2011 

断层侧向封闭性及对断圈油水关系的控制

Keywords: 侧向封闭,定量评价,对接,断层岩,油水关系

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Abstract:

张性正断层断裂带内部结构具有二分性:即断层核和破碎带,断层核由多个滑动面和不同类型的断层岩组成,其渗透性取决于带内泥质含量所决定的断层岩的类型,破碎带表现为高密度裂缝切割围岩,总体表现为高渗透的特征,因此,断裂带渗透能力取决于断层核与破碎带相对发育程度,侧向封闭能力主要取决于断裂带中泥质含量。存在5种侧向封闭类型:即对接封闭、碎裂岩封闭(SGR<15%)、层状硅酸盐―框架断层岩封闭(15%<SGR<50%)、泥岩涂抹封闭(SGR>50%)和胶结封闭。对接封闭是小规模断层和脆性地层中断层的主要封闭机理,对接封闭模式决定正断层控制的油气富集在下盘,烃柱高度与断圈范围内控藏断裂最小断距相当。走滑断层“丝带效应”造成断层两盘油水呈“正弦曲线”模式分布。基于已知封闭断层断裂带SGR与两盘压力差之间的关系,建立了断层岩侧向封闭烃柱高度与SGR之间的定量关系,对于未标定区可以通过实际油藏油水界面和烃柱高度分布,反推定量关系中的d值,进而确定断层侧向封闭烃柱高度与SGR之间的定量关系,从而对未知断裂侧向封闭能力进行定量评价。依据断层封闭的烃柱高度和圈闭幅度的关系,将断圈分为三种类型:一是完全有效的圈闭,圈闭中充满油,油从构造溢出点溢出;二是部分有效的圈闭,圈闭中油气柱高度小于圈闭幅度,油从断层侧向溢出;三是完全无效圈闭,圈闭中充满水。

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