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地质论评  2012 

嵩山世界地质公园重要地质遗迹类型及其科学内涵

Keywords: 世界地质公园,地质遗迹,科学内涵,嵩山

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Abstract:

嵩山世界地质公园以前寒武纪古老地层、岩浆岩等地质遗迹和褶皱山、断层崖和峰林等地貌景观最为典型。在前寒武纪不同时期、不同构造环境下形成的地层、岩浆岩等构成了嵩山的山基和山体,成为嵩山地质地貌景观的基础。本文结合年代学、地球化学和同位素资料,重点探讨了园区内前寒武纪典型地层、构造和岩浆岩的科学内涵,研究表明:距今2?6~2?5Ga,俯冲洋壳、亏损岩石圈地幔和下地壳部分熔融分别形成新太古代TTG、大洋拉斑玄武岩和I型花岗岩,并堆积了新太古界登封岩群;在约2?5Ga,(洋―陆)板块碰撞引发大规模变质变形;在2?5~2?3Ga期间,为嵩山群滨海―浅海沉积;在2?3~1?9Ga期间,伸展环境下形成钾长花岗岩、伟晶岩和基性岩墙;在约1?85Ga,又一次褶皱造山;在约1?75Ga,伸展环境下形成石秤和摩天寨钾长花岗岩体;中―新元古代形成了五佛山群被动陆缘沉积。以上成果有助于将嵩山地区独特的地质科学内涵与地貌景观、生态资源、人文景观有机结合,为地质公园的可持续发展、地质遗迹的开发和保护提供了重要科学依据。

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