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地质论评  2012 

深水重力流与底流交互作用研究进展

Keywords: 深水沉积,重力流,底流,等深流,交互作用,沉积物波,南海

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Abstract:

重力流和底流是深水环境下的两大基本流动体制,对二者交互作用的研究是当前沉积学研究的前缘和薄弱环节。底流及底流改造沉积物在岩芯上具有上部侵蚀面、双泥层、牵引流成因的各种层理等识别标志;底流成因的漂积体在剖面上呈现透镜状单元、迁移性特征及波状发射等地震反射特征。本文通过综述重力流与底流交互作用的研究成果,认为依据某段地质时期内深水盆地中主导沉积机制的不同,将重力流与底流的交互作用分为以下4种表现形式:①底流对前期重力流沉积进行改造;②重力流对前期底流沉积进行改造;③重力流与底流交互主导同一地区的沉积以及④底流与重力流同时作用于沉积物。相对海平面变化、气候(冰期―间冰期)变化、构造活动、地形地貌等因素,主要通过影响重力流与底流机制的相对强度大小,控制深水重力流与底流交互作用的进行。中国南海具有重力流与底流交互沉积的优越地质条件,发育有单向迁移水道、沉积物波等特色沉积记录。加强现今海流观测,对于南海底流循环格架的建立意义重大。

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