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辽宁海城小孤山新石器时代人类头骨研究

, PP. 1081-1089

Keywords: 小孤山遗址,人类头骨,新石器时代,体质特征

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Abstract:

辽宁海城小孤山遗址是我国北方地区重要的更新世末期-全新世人类遗址,记载着从更新世末期到全新世人类的体质及文化特征的演化历史。对1983年在此遗址发现的距今约5000年左右的、新石器时代晚期的人类头骨进行了研究,该头骨是迄今在辽宁地区发现的惟一较为完整的新石器人类遗骸,为探索早期人类体质特征的变异提供了重要的研究材料。研究显示,小孤山人类遗骸为30岁左右的男性个体。通过与更新世晚期、新石器时代及青铜铁器时代人类头骨的比较,发现小孤山人具有蒙古人种的形态特点,大部分特征与现代人相同,少数特征如颅长和颅容量,位于现代人变异范围的上限,而与更新世晚期人类接近。小孤山人非常低矮的上面部和鼻部,使其具有独特的头骨形态特点而差异于其他全新世头骨。15组头骨样本的主成分分析结果显示,新石器时代人类体质特征的变异非常大,难以将小孤山人的体质类型归入南方或北方类型,提示有必要对我国古代人类体质特征的分型问题作进一步探讨。

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