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临潼-长安断裂带所在陡坎的成因分析

, PP. 721-732

Keywords: 临潼-长安断裂带,地貌陡坎,侵蚀作用,断层,黄土塬基座

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Abstract:

临潼-长安断裂带主要由两条主断层和两条分支断层组成,断层基本沿北东向的黄土塬陡坎展布,陡坎高30~128m不等。虽然断层和陡坎有很好的重合关系,但陡坎并不完全是断层所形成,主要原因有:1)野外断层露头表明,断层错断S1古土壤层一般为0.2~1.5m,最大为6.0m,错断S2~S4古土壤层也仅有几米,与断层所在的陡坎高度相比,断层的错距很小;2)高桥和月登阁钻探结果显示,钻孔中早更新世地层上部断层错距分别不大于24.45m和8.49m,即断层在黄土塬基座中的错距比相应的黄土陡坎高度要小;3)在某些局部地段断层并不随陡坎拐弯而拐弯;4)深孔资料显示有侵蚀现象。综合分析,临潼-长安断裂带所在的陡坎是侵蚀作用和断层错动共同作用的结果,陡坎的形成以侵蚀作用为主,断层的错动量很小。地壳抬升、断块掀斜运动产生断层,新近纪或早更新世"三门湖"在已有的断层位置发生侵蚀,两者共同作用形成了现今地貌陡坎。

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