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循化-贵德地区黄河水系河流纵剖面形态特征及其构造意义

, PP. 299-309

Keywords: 青藏高原,循化-贵德地区,河流纵剖面,河流水力侵蚀模型

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Abstract:

青藏高原东北缘循化-贵德地区晚新生代构造活动强烈,同时晚新生代黄河的发育和演化也提供了研究高原构造隆升扩展以及黄河侵蚀下切过程的理想场所。黄河水系通过调整河流纵剖面的形态在垂向上响应不同的构造隆升以及河床岩性的变化。利用数字高程模型数据,提取黄河水系河流纵剖面形态,利用基岩河道河流水力侵蚀模型(stream-powerincisionmodel)为依托,尝试揭示晚新生代以来强烈构造活动在黄河水系河流纵剖面形态特征上的表现。分析发现,在循化-贵德地区岩性分布均匀的新生代盆地内部,黄河水系纵剖面在河流水力侵蚀模型坡度-面积双对数图解中大部分表现为上凸特征,即基岩河道的河床随时间的变化为正值,指示了基岩的隆升速率大于河流的下切侵蚀速率。在河流流经盆地内部不同岩性地区,特别是前新生界地层区,河流纵剖面也表现为一定的上凸特征,表明了新生界与前新生界地层岩性差异对河流纵剖面的控制作用。综合来看,青藏高原东北缘循化-贵德地区黄河水系河流纵剖面形态特征是晚新生代强烈构造活动和岩性差异共同控制的结果,揭示了循化-贵德地区造山系统地形发育仍然处于前均衡或接近均衡状态,同时也从侧面表明青藏高原东北缘地区是整个高原隆升扩展的最新和最前缘部位的时空格局特征。

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