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利用光学卫星遥感数据监测抚顺地区煤矿开采引起的地貌变化

, PP. 363-370

Keywords: 地貌变化,煤矿开采,遥感监测,卫星遥感,抚顺地区

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Abstract:

抚顺市是中国重要的采煤城市之一,100多年的煤矿开采已经使抚顺地区的地貌特征发生了重大变化。由于长期的露天开采,抚顺西露天矿形成了一个海拔约为-300m的深坑;煤矿的地下开采造成了大面积的地表沉陷;与此同时,煤矸石的露天堆积形成了3个排土场。本研究利用多时相的美国LandsatMSS(MultispectralScanner),TM(ThematicMapper),ETM+(EnhancedThematicMapperPlus),以及日本ASTER(AdvancedSpaceborneThermalEmissionandReflectionRadiometer)卫星遥感数据分析过去近30年来抚顺地区煤矿开采所引起的地貌变化。多时相卫星遥感图像的对比分析显示,由于地面沉陷引起的地表积水面积在近5年(2001~2006年)内出现明显增大的趋势,增加了1.73km。同期的ASTERDEM数据对比分析还发现,西露天矿的开采深度在不断增加,最大增加量为55m,与此同时出现的新增排土场造成地面高程增加量最大为25m。这一研究表明利用遥感技术可以定量监测人类矿产开发活动所引起的地貌特征变化及其过程。

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