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南塔斯曼海微玻陨石颗粒:深海记录中撞击事件的环境效应

Keywords: 微玻陨石,澳大利亚陨击事件,生物标志物,环境效应,南塔斯曼海

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Abstract:

基于常规环境演变指标的研究结果显示,大规模陨击事件的确可以造成地球环境的突变,但是对陨击事件期间水生或陆地植被类型变化的研究却并不多见。因此,通过统计南塔斯曼海大洋钻探计划(ODP)1170站位(47°9.0344'S,146°2.9846'W;水深2705m)B孔16~15m(mbsf)沉积物中微玻陨石颗粒丰度,结合有孔虫壳体氧、碳同位素(δ18O和δ13C)、表层海水温度(SeaSurfaceTemperature,简称SST)等常规参数指标,分析了不同生物标志物含量变化,重建了陨击事件过程中海洋与陆地植被结构的演变历史。结果发现:1)南塔斯曼海ODP1170站位沉积物中微玻陨石颗粒丰度峰值出现在15.55~15.45m,且根据生物地层确定来源于0.8Ma前后的澳大利亚陨击事件(AustralianMeteoriteImpactEvent,简称AMIE),其中微玻陨石颗粒最多出现在15.50m,颗粒丰度达9.4枚/g;2)AMIE导致SST下降约1.7℃,颗石藻与硅藻的含量比值由15.58m的约6突然下降到15.50m的约2.6,显示表层海水环境向有利于硅藻等生存的方向发展,同时烷烃C15~19与C21~25的含量突然下降约50%,显示表层海水环境向不利于菌(藻)类或其他浮游植物等生存的方向演化;3)AMIE对陆地植被种类的演化及陆源有机质输入的影响有限,并且在微玻陨石丰度下降的15.45~15.30m深度;ACL,C31/C29和ΣOdd(C25~33)却突然增加,显示陆源植被种类变化对AMIE的响应可能存在一定程度的滞后。

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