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呼伦贝尔高平原全新世早晚期砂、土楔及其古气候环境意义

Keywords: 呼伦贝尔高平原,砂、土楔,早、晚全新世,古气候和冰缘环境,冻土地温和厚度

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Abstract:

砂、土楔等楔状构造是多年冻土曾经存在的可靠证据,其与多年冻土及年均地、气温度的关系也是重建古冰缘环境的依据。在呼伦贝尔高平原中南部的乌尔逊河、辉河、新巴尔虎东旗和鄂温克旗发现大量砂、土楔及伴生的冻融褶皱。通过对其形态、规模及围岩(土)结构分析,并根据楔内充填物及围土的14C定年结果判断,砂楔形成于早全新世(约10.0~7.5kaB.P.),当时研究区年平均气温为-6.5~-7.0℃;土楔形成于晚全新世(约2.3~2.0kaB.P.),其时年平均气温为-5.0~-5.5℃。这表明,早全新世更为干寒,风沙堆积活跃,多年冻土分布广泛;进入晚全新世后,气候转暖,呼伦贝尔气温与现今大兴安岭北部(即满归以北)的年平均气温(-5.0~-5.4℃)大体相当。据此推测,当时呼伦贝尔高平原的冻土发育程度与满归以北地区现今大片多年冻土状况相似。早全新世砂楔(脉)形成时期气温比现今大兴安岭北部低1.5~2.0℃。依此可见,早全新世该区多年冻土地温低于现今大兴安岭北部的地温(-1.5~-2.0℃),冻土厚度超过80~100m。

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